Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
Volume 189, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6229-3
Keywords
Groundwater quality; Natural processes; Anthropogenic sources; Factor analysis; Geostatistical analysis; North China Plain
Categories
Funding
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2652016020, 2652016022]
- fundamental research funds for Central Public Research Institutes [YYWF201626]
- Ministry of Water Resources [201101051]
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In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater were analyzed to get insight into the factors affecting groundwater quality in a typical agricultural dominated area of the North China Plain. Forty-four shallow groundwater samples were collected for chemical analysis. The water type changes from Ca center dot Na-HCO3 type in grass land to Ca center dot Na-Cl (+NO3) type and Na (Ca)-Cl (+NO3+SO4) type in construction and facility agricultural land, indicating the influence of human activities. The factor analysis and geostatistical analysis revealed that the two major factors contributing to the groundwater hydrochemical compositions were the water-rock interaction and contamination from sewage discharge and agricultural fertilizers. The major ions (F, HCO3) and trace element (As) in the shallow groundwater represented the natural origin, while the nitrate and sulfate concentrations were related to the application of fertilizer and sewage discharge in the facility agricultural area, which was mainly affected by the human activities. The values of pH, total dissolved solids, electric conductivity, and conventional component (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Cl) in shallow groundwater increased from grass land and cultivated land, to construction land and to facility agriculture which were originated from the combination sources of natural processes (e.g., water-rock interaction) and human activities (e.g., domestic effluents). The study indicated that both natural processes and human activities had influences on the groundwater hydrochemical compositions in shallow groundwater, while anthropogenic processes had more contribution, especially in the reclaimed water irrigation area.
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