Evaluation of heavy metal risk potential in Bogacayi River water (Antalya, Turkey)

This study analyzed 25 river water samples collected from the Bogacayi River in Antalya, Turkey, to evaluate the potential risk of pollution by heavy metals. Concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and V were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method was validated prior to analysis in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and recovery. In addition, a certified standard (SPS-SW2 surface water) was used to verify method trueness. Method validation data and results obtained from the certified material suggested that the method could be applied to determine elemental compositions of the samples. Although various concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Sr were found in the samples, no Hg, V, Co, and Se concentrations were found. The highest concentration of Pb, Cd, and As was found in the samples from the 22nd, 16th, and 5th sampling stations, respectively. Concentrations of the studied elements were aligned from high to low as Sr > Ba > Ni > Cr > Cu > Mn > Pb > As > Cd. To evaluate the risk potential of metallic pollution, the data were used to calculate the heavy metal pollution index (HPI). The HPI values were found to be in the range from 7.81 to 43.97 (mean 25.48). Samples from upstream seemed to show lower risk potentials (<15) than those from downstream (>30); however, all HPI values were lower than 100, which is the critical HPI value for drinking safety.