Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 1536-1551Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13713
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Funding
- Carlos III Institute of Health [PI 051579, PI021513]
- Economy, Industry and Competitiveness Ministry [AGL-11697/ALI]
- FPU from the Spanish Ministery of Economy and Competitivity
- FPI from the Spanish Ministery of Economy and Competitivity
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Recent evidence has disclosed a connection between gut microbial glycosidase activity and adiposity in obese. Here, we measured microbial -glucosidase and -galactosidase activities and sorted fluorescently labeled -galactosidase containing (GAL) microorganisms in faecal samples of eight lean andthirteen obese adolescents that followed a controlled calorie restriction program during one year. -galactosidase is a highly distributed functional trait, mainly expressed by members of Blautia, Bacteroides, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter and Propionibacterium. Only long-term calorie restriction induced clear changes in the microbiota of obese adolescents. Long-term calorie restriction induced significant shifts in total and GAL gut microbiota, reducing the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and enhancing the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as Bacteroides, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Clostridium XIVa. Moreover, the structure and composition of GAL community in obese after long-term calorie restriction was highly similar to that of lean adolescents. However, despite this high compositional similarity, microbial metabolic performance was different, split in two metabolic states at a body mass index value of 25. Our study shows that calorie restriction is a strong environmental force reshaping gut microbiota though its metabolic performance is linked to host's adiposity, suggesting that functional redundancy and metabolic plasticity are fundamental properties of gut microbial ecosystem.
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