Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
Volume 125, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1289/EHP631
Keywords
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Funding
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish Research Council Formas
- Swedish International Development Cooperative Agency
- Public Health Impact of long-term, low-level Mixed Element Exposure in susceptible population strata (PHIME)
- Karolinska Institutet
- Australian International Development Agency (AusAID)
- Government of Bangladesh
- Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)
- Swedish International Development Cooperative Agency (Sida)
- Department for International Development, UK (DFID)
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BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have indicated impaired neurodevelopment with elevated drinking water manganese concentrations (W-Mn), but potential susceptible exposure windows are unknown. OBJECTIVES: We prospectively evaluated the effects of W-Mn, from fetal life to school age, on childrens cognitive abilities and behavior. METHODS: We assessed cognitive abilities and behavior in 1,265 ten-year-old children in rural Bangladesh using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively. Manganese in drinking water used during pregnancy and by the children at 5 y and 10 y was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The median W-Mn was 0.20 mg/L (range 0.0016.6) during pregnancy and 0.34mg/L (<0.0018.7) at 10 y. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses, restricted to children with low arsenic (As) exposure, none of the W-Mn exposures was associated with the childrens cognitive abilities. Stratifying by gender (p for interaction in general <0.081) showed that prenatal W-Mn (<3 mg/L) was positively associated with cognitive ability measures in girls but not in boys. W-Mn at all time points was associated with an increased risk of conduct problems, particularly in boys (range 2443% per mg/L). At the same time, the prenatal W-Mn was associated with a decreased risk of emotional problems [odds ratio (OR)=0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.82)] in boys. In girls, W-Mn was mainly associated with low prosocial scores [prenatal W-Mn: OR=1.48 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.88)]. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated prenatal W-Mn exposure was positively associated with cognitive function in girls, whereas boys appeared to be unaffected. Early life W-Mn exposure appeared to adversely affect childrens behavior. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP631
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