4.4 Review

Evolving Role of Oncolytic Virotherapy: Challenges and Prospects in Clinical Practice

Journal

JCO PRECISION ONCOLOGY
Volume 5, Issue -, Pages 432-441

Publisher

LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1200/PO.20.00395

Keywords

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Categories

Funding

  1. Boston Biomedical,
  2. miRNA Therapeutics
  3. Senhwa Biosciences
  4. MedImmune
  5. BiolineRx
  6. Agios
  7. Halozyme
  8. Celgene
  9. Threshold Pharmaceuticals
  10. Toray Industries
  11. Dicerna
  12. Sillajen
  13. Eisai
  14. Taiho Pharmaceutical
  15. EMD Serono
  16. Isis Pharmaceuticals
  17. Incyte
  18. Sun Biopharma
  19. ARIAD
  20. ImClone Systems
  21. QED Therapeutics
  22. Puma Biotechnology
  23. Adaptimmune
  24. Merck Serono
  25. RedHill Biopharma
  26. Basilea

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Studies on virus-based cancer treatment show limited success with monotherapy but genetic engineering offers potential in designing complementary therapies to enhance immune response. Recent research has highlighted the interactions between tumors and the immune system, pointing towards the potential of bioengineering virus platforms to improve immunotherapy effectiveness.
Selective oncotropism and cytolytic activity against tumors have made certain viruses subject to investigation as novel treatment modalities. However, monotherapy with oncolytic viruses (OVs) has shown limited success and modest clinical benefit. The capacity to genetically engineer OVs makes them a desirable platform to design complementary treatment modalities to overcome the existing treatment options' shortcomings. In recent years, our knowledge of interactions of the tumors with the immune system has expanded profoundly. There is a growing body of literature supporting immunomodulatory roles for OVs. The concept of bioengineering these platforms to induce the desired immune response and complement the current immunotherapeutic modalities to make immune-resistant tumors responsive to immunotherapy is under investigation in preclinical and early clinical trials. This review provides an overview of attempts to optimize oncolytic virotherapy as essential components of the multimodality anticancer therapeutic approach and discusses the challenges in translation to clinical practice. (c) 2021 by American Society of Clinical Oncology (c) 2021 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

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