Journal
ENERGY SOURCES PART B-ECONOMICS PLANNING AND POLICY
Volume 12, Issue 9, Pages 808-814Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15567249.2017.1286527
Keywords
Bootstrap causality; coal; energy consumption; G-7 countries; oil; natural gas
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This study aims to examine the relationship between energy consumption (i.e., oil, natural gas, and coal) and economic growth in G-7 countries. For this purpose, the annual data from 1970 to 2013 is investigated using with panel bootstrap causality approach that allows cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity among countries. The results reveal that the oil consumption causes economic growth in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States; economic growth causes oil consumption in Germany and the United Kingdom; natural gas consumption causes economic growth in Italy, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom; economic growth causes natural gas consumption in Germany; coal consumption causes economic growth in Canada; and economic growth causes coal consumption in the United States.
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