Journal
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
Volume 153, Issue -, Pages 446-454Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.10.025
Keywords
Biodiesel; Esterification; Carbon-based heterogeneous acid catalyst; Microwave
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Funding
- Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China [ZR2017QEE004]
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Research and Development Funds [JCYJ20160331184515666]
- Young Scholars Program of Shandong University (YSPSDU) [2015WLJH33]
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With the assistance of microwave, a novel bamboo-based heterogeneous acid catalyst is prepared by partial carbonization followed by sulfonation and utilized in esterification of oleic acid with methanol for biodiesel production. The catalyst is further characterized by elemental analysis, acid-base titration, FF-IR, XRD, SEM and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis to reveal its physical and chemical properties. After carbonization at 350 degrees C for 2 h and sulfonation at 105 degrees C for 10 min, the thus prepared catalyst possesses amorphous carbon structure with sulfonic group density of 1.80 mmol/g. The catalyst supplies esterification conversion efficiency of 97.31% with the esterification temperature of 65 degrees C, esterification duration of 1 h, catalyst loaded percentage of 5 wt% and molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid of 8. Microwave effectively shortens the required durations of both sulfonation and esterification. In addition, the bamboo derived heterogeneous acid catalyst gains satisfying regenerability and efficiency of 96.22% is restored after 5 cycles.
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