Journal
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
Volume 134, Issue -, Pages 212-222Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.10.048
Keywords
Appliance; Lighting; Plug-load; Electricity; Consumption; Time-step profile; Building; Energy; Simulation; Residential
Funding
- National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada through the Smart Net-Zero Energy Buildings Strategic Research Network
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In the Canadian residential sector, the end-uses of appliances, lighting, and plug loads (ALP) account for 16% of total end-use energy consumption. In an effort to reduce the impacts of this energy consumption, electricity technologies such as solar photovoltaics and smart appliances are being adopted. Evaluation of their performance requires an understanding of residential electricity use patterns. Building simulation tools can estimate the time-step performance of such technologies, but require accurate and representative ALP electricity profiles as an input. Sub-metered datasets lack in quantity and thus overall representativeness of the sector. Meanwhile, large, representative datasets are becoming available through electricity smart-metering programs, but usually consist only of whole-house electricity load and lack summary household characteristics (e.g. occupancy, floor space, appliance descriptions). However, homes which are not electrically heated (space, water) or cooled may function as ALP load profiles for simulation. This research addresses these loads with a new method of distinguishing non-electrically heated and cooled homes from a broad dataset of whole-house profiles. The method originates from a comparison of two electricity load datasets: (i) smart-meter 15-min time-step whole-house data for 160 homes spanning three years, and (ii) sub-metered 1-min time-step data for 23 residential homes. This comparison also speaks to the usefulness of whole-house electricity smart-meter information to building performance simulation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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