Journal
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Volume 10, Issue 8, Pages 1854-1861Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7ee01798g
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Funding
- University of Wisconsin System through an Applied Research Grant
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Benefiting from fluidity and surface tension, materials in a liquid form are one of the best candidates for self-healing applications. This feature is highly desirable for improving the life cycle of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because the volume expansion/contraction during the cycles of high-capacity anodes such as Si and Sn can result in mechanical fracture and lead to inferior cycle performance. Here, we report a novel room-temperature liquid metal (LM) as the anode to improve the cycle life of LIBs. The LM anode comprises an alloy of Sn and Ga, a liquid at room temperature with inherent self-healing properties, as confirmed by the in situ and ex situ analyses. Because both Ga and Sn have high theoretical capacities (769 and 990 mA h g(-1), respectively), the resulting LM anode delivers a high capacity of 775, 690, and 613 mA h g(-1) at the rate of 200, 500, and 1000 mA g(-1), respectively. There was no obvious decay in more than 4000 cycles with a capacity of similar to 400 mA h g(-1) at 4000 mA g(-1), realizing the best cycle performance among all metal anodes.
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