A Bi-Level Coordinated Optimization Strategy for Smart Appliances Considering Online Demand Response Potential

Demand response (DR) is counted as an effective method when there is a large-capacity power shortage in the power system, which may lead to peak loads or a rapid ramp. This paper proposes a bi-level coordinated optimization strategy by quantitating the DR potential (DRP) of smart appliances to descend the steep ramp and balance the power energy. Based on dynamic characteristics of the smart appliances, the mathematic models of online DRP are presented. In the upper layer, a multi-agent coordinated distribution method is proposed to allocate the demand limit to each agent from the dispatching center considering the online DRP. In the lower layer, an optimal smart appliances-controlling strategy is presented to guarantee the total household power consumption of each agent below its demand limit considering the consumers' comfort and response times. Simulation results indicate the feasibility of the proposed strategy.