Journal
BIOFUELS-UK
Volume 7, Issue 6, Pages 611-619Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2016.1168027
Keywords
Microalgae bacteria consortium; hydrothermal liquefaction; batch process; biocrude oil; factorial design
Categories
Funding
- BioFuelNet Canada
- Mitacs Accelerate Program
- Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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Along the recent developments of biofuel production, the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae appears as a major process step which could take advantage of converting the whole microalgae content instead of only extracting its lipid content. This study presents the HTL conversion of a microalgae Chlorella sp. bacteria consortium using a batch type reactor. The experiments were carried out using a full factorial experimental design approach, where the main chosen factors were the temperature, the residence time at maximum temperature and the dry-matter-to-water ratio. The biocrude oil is the targeted product characterized along this work; its production and its composition were studied. The yields of biocrudes approach other microalgae studies using pure strains of microalgae and batch-type reactors. Maximum yields (37% daf) and lowest O/C ratio (0.167) were obtained at the highest severity conditions (310 degrees C for 55 min and 0.15 dry-matter-to-water ratio). The energy return on energy invested (EROEI) of the process has been determined. The simulated distillation by thermogravimetric analysis (Sim-Dis-TGA) was conducted on the different obtained biocrude and no significant effect was observed with respect to five evaporation ranges among the studied conditions. GC-MS characterization of biocrude presents the 10 relatively most abundant components for each studied condition.
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