Journal
COMPUTATIONAL PARTICLE MECHANICS
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 23-34Publisher
SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG
DOI: 10.1007/s40571-016-0119-2
Keywords
Friction; Tribology; Direct shear test; Granular materials; DEM
Funding
- Graz University of Technology
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P 27147-N30]
- COMET K2-Competence Centers for Excellent Technologies Programme of the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit)
- Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (bmwfw)
- Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG)
- Province of Styria
- Styrian Business Promotion Agency (SFG)
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P27147] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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In the discrete element simulation of granular materials, the modelling of contacts is crucial for the prediction of the macroscopic material behaviour. From the tribological point of view, friction at contacts needs to be modelled carefully, as it depends on several factors, e.g. contact normal load or temperature to name only two. In discrete element method (DEM) simulations the usage of Coulomb's law of friction is state of the art in modelling particle-particle contacts. Usually in Coulomb's law, for all contacts only one constant coefficient of friction is used, which needs to reflect all tribological effects. Thus, whenever one of the influence factors of friction varies over a wide range, it can be expected that the usage of only one constant coefficient of friction in Coulomb's law is an oversimplification of reality. For certain materials, e.g. steel, it is known that a dependency of the coefficient of friction on the contact normal load exists. A more tribological tangential contact law is implemented in DEM, where the interparticle friction coefficient depends on the averaged normal stress in the contact. Simulations of direct shear tests are conducted, using steel spheres of different size distributions. The strong influence of interparticle friction on the bulk friction is shown via a variation of the constant interparticle friction coefficient. Simulations with constant and stress-dependent interparticle friction are compared. For the stress-dependent interparticle friction, a normal stress dependency of the bulk friction is seen. In the literature, measurements of different granular materials and small normal loads also show a stress dependency of the bulk friction coefficient. With increasing applied normal stress, the bulk friction coefficient reduces both in the experiments and in the simulations.
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