Greening the international monetary system? Not without addressing the political ecology of global imbalances

Addressing ecological crises such as climate change within the current International Monetary System (IMS) will likely be impossible. International monetary relations are built upon a hierarchy between currencies, which generates structural Core-Periphery imbalances and prevents Peripheral countries from attracting the long-term investments necessary for an ecological transition. While propositions have emerged to reform the IMS in order to address both global imbalances and ecological crises, they typically approach these issues as separate phenomena. In contrast, this paper develops a political ecology of global imbalances to explore how currency hierarchies are constituted and maintained through ecological hierarchies: monetary dominance depends upon the continuous and uneven flow of resources from Peripheral to Core countries. This connection between monetary and ecological hierarchies is particularly visible through the Chimerica relationship, which linked the international dominance of the US dollar to China's coal-powered development. While China is now transitioning away from its Peripheral status by seeking to reconfigure currency and ecological hierarchies to support its own resource-intensive growth, this trend also increases the likelihood of systemic ecological crises. This suggests that the quest for a balanced and green IMS requires a dramatic shift away from the Core-driven imperial modes of production, consumption and living.

Automated summary

Addressing ecological crises within the current International Monetary System (IMS) is difficult due to currency hierarchies and imbalances between core and peripheral countries. While proposals for reforming the IMS have been made, they often treat ecological issues separately. This paper argues that currency hierarchies are maintained through ecological hierarchies, as seen in the Chimerica relationship between the US and China. China's transition to a core country increases the likelihood of systemic ecological crises.