Characterizing eating disorder psychopathology and body image related constructs in treatment-seeking Black individuals with binge-eating spectrum disorders

Purpose Black individuals are at risk for developing eating disorders (EDs), while also facing an increased mental health burden as a marginalized group. However, few studies have examined whether treatment-seeking Black individuals with EDs present with different symptom profiles than White individuals. This study sought to characterize baseline ED symptomatology in Black participants with bulimia nervosa spectrum or binge eating disorder spectrum pathology compared to White participants in a treatment-seeking sample. Methods The sample consisted of 33 Black participants and 126 White participants who participated in a clinical trial at a mid-Atlantic University from 2015 to 2020. Data was analyzed using chi-square and independent samples t-tests. Results Black participants were much less likely to engage in self-induced vomiting, despite being just as likely to meet criteria for a bulimia nervosa spectrum diagnosis and having similar rates of binge-eating and distress towards body image concerns. Black participants were more likely to experience obesity but maintained similar levels of body image concerns as White participants. Conclusion Given the evidence that Black participants often are under-diagnosed, particularly with bulimia nervosa spectrum disorders, these results could suggest that weight biases and/or expectations that patients with bulimia nervosa spectrum disorders will primarily present with self-induced vomiting could be contributing to these diagnostic errors.

Automated summary

Among a sample of treatment-seeking individuals, Black participants were less likely to engage in self-induced vomiting, but showed similar rates of distress towards body image concerns as White participants. Additionally, Black participants were more likely to experience obesity, but maintained similar levels of body image concerns as White participants. These findings suggest potential biases in diagnosing Black individuals with bulimia nervosa spectrum disorders.