4.3 Article

Chinese Bronze Age Political Economies: A Complex Polity Provisioning Approach

Journal

JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 69-116

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10814-021-09158-0

Keywords

Chinese Bronze Age; Political economy; Centralization; Commercialization

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This article argues that the dominant narratives concerning the political economy of the Chinese Bronze Age are in need of significant revision, suggesting that the Bronze Age should begin in the third millennium BC and highlighting the political economic heterogeneity. Despite the tendency to equate complexity with centralization and hierarchy, there is little evidence of such institutions, with significant investment in public goods and evidence of horizontal exchange and increasing commercialization before the Anyang period.
In this article we argue that several of the dominant narratives concerning the political economy of the Chinese Bronze Age are in need of major revision, including its chronological divisions and assumptions of unilineal development. Instead, we argue that for many parts of China, the Bronze Age should begin in the third millennium BC and that there was significant political economic heterogeneity both within and between regions. Focusing on the issues of centralization and commercialization, we argue that, in spite of the tendency in the Chinese archaeological literature to equate complexity with centralization and hierarchy and to posit top-down redistributive economic models, there is little evidence of such institutions. To the contrary, our survey of nearly 2000 years of development turns up significant investment in public goods, especially before the Anyang period, as well as ample evidence of horizontal exchange and increasing commercialization.

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