Journal
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
Volume 240, Issue 1, Pages 11-22Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/joa.13536
Keywords
DMDD; embryo; HREM; mouse; mutant; phenotyping; venous system
Categories
Funding
- Wellcome Trust [100160, FC001117]
- Francis Crick Institute - Cancer Research UK [FC001117]
- UK Medical Research Council [FC001117]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
This study focuses on the normal anatomy of the venous system in E14.5 embryos, providing detailed descriptive and metric information. By analyzing the venous phenotype, different abnormalities in mutant lines can be identified, shedding light on the maturation and remodeling of the venous system during the transition from embryo to fetal life.
Approximately one-third of randomly produced knockout mouse lines produce homozygous offspring, which fail to survive the perinatal period. The majority of these die around or after embryonic day (E)14.5, presumably from cardiovascular insufficiency. For diagnosing structural abnormalities underlying death and diseases and for researching gene function, the phenotype of these individuals has to be analysed. This makes the creation of reference data, which define normal anatomy and normal variations the highest priority. While such data do exist for the heart and arteries, they are still missing for the venous system. Here we provide high-quality descriptive and metric information on the normal anatomy of the venous system of E14.5 embryos. Using high-resolution digital volume data and 3D models from 206 genetically normal embryos, bred on the C57BL/6N background, we present precise descriptive and metric information of the venous system as it presents itself in each of the six developmental stages of E14.5. The resulting data shed new light on the maturation and remodelling of the venous system at transition of embryo to foetal life and provide a reference that can be used for detecting venous abnormalities in mutants. To explore this capacity, we analysed the venous phenotype of embryos from 7 knockout lines (Atp11a, Morc2a, 1700067K01Rik, B9d2, Oaz1, Celf4 and Coro1c). Careful comparisons enabled the diagnosis of not only simple malformations, such as dual inferior vena cava, but also complex and subtle abnormalities, which would have escaped diagnosis in the absence of detailed, stage-specific referenced data.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available