Molecular networking-assisted flavonoid profile of Gypsophila glomerata extract in relation to its protective effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatorenal damage in rats

The aim of the study was to provide an in-depth characterization of the methanol-aqueous extract from the aerial parts of Gypsophila glomerata Pall. Ex Adams (Caryophyllaceae) (EGG) and to assess its protective potential on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver and kidney damage in male Wistar rats. Twenty-two flavonoid C-, O- and C,O-glycosides in EGG were annotated by mass spectrometry-based molecular networking; nine of them are reported in this species for the first lime. Fourteen-day oral administration of EGG at a dose 200 mg kg(-1) bm prevented significantly CCl4-induced liver injury, discerned by an amelioration of the markers of oxidative stress (GSH and MDA) and transaminase activity. EGG decreased the serum level of urea and creatinine as well. The observed improvement of biochemical parameters was supported by histopathological observations. The protective hepatorenal effects of EGG, rich in 2 ''-O-pentosyl-6-C-hexosyl-apigenin/luteolin/melhylluteolin and their acetyl- and methoxycinnamoyl-derivatives, were comparable with the effects of the positive control silymarin.

Automated summary

The aim of this study was to explore the protective potential of the methanol-aqueous extract from Gypsophila glomerata Pall. on CCl4-induced liver and kidney damage in rats. The extract showed significant protective effects, reducing oxidative stress markers and improving liver and kidney function. These effects may be attributed to the flavonoid glycosides present in the extract.