Journal
BIOCELL
Volume 46, Issue 1, Pages 37-49Publisher
TECH SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2022.017507
Keywords
Antioxidant; Pharmaceuticals; Microplastics; Nanoplastics; Ocean acidification; Thermal stress
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This review summarizes the challenges of oxidative stress posed by emerging environmental stressors to marine organisms. By discussing oxidative pathways, signaling proteins, and transcription factors involved, it highlights the questions that need to be addressed in future marine ecotoxicology research.
Oxidative stress is a critical condition derived from the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and the sophisticated network of antioxidant mechanisms. Several pollutants and environmental factors can affect this system through connected mechanisms, indirect relationships, and cascade effects from pre-transcriptional to catalytic level, by either enhancing intracellular ROS formation or impairing antioxidant defenses. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the pro-oxidant challenges from emerging environmental stressors threatening marine organisms, such as pharmaceuticals, microplastics and climate-related ocean changes. Emphasis will be placed on oxidative pathways, including signaling proteins and transcription factors involved in regulation of antioxidant responsiveness. Mechanistic insights and lack of knowledge will be pointed out by presenting single and combined effects of multiple stressors, unravelling questions to be addressed by future research in marine ecotoxicology.
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