4.7 Article

SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals: measurement, causes and impact

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Mathematical & Computational Biology

Immune correlates analysis using vaccinees from test negative designs

Dean A. Follmann et al.

Summary: Determining the impact of vaccine-induced immune response on disease risk is crucial in vaccinology. This article proposes a test negative design to evaluate vaccine efficacy by measuring immune response in retrospective studies. Simulation analysis confirms the feasibility of this method.

BIOSTATISTICS (2022)

Article Hematology

Effectiveness of the BNT162b2mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with hematological neoplasms in a nationwide mass vaccination setting

Moshe Mittelman et al.

Summary: Limited evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in patients with impaired immunity. A study on patients with hematological neoplasms showed that vaccinated patients had a higher risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death compared to vaccinated controls. Patients receiving treatment had an even higher risk. Ways to enhance COVID-19 immunity in this patient population should be explored.

BLOOD (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection and deaths among US veterans during 2021

Barbara A. Cohn et al.

Summary: This study reports the effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and death in veterans, with a decline in vaccine effectiveness observed for all vaccine types. The decline was greatest for the Janssen vaccine. However, vaccination remained protective against death for individuals who became infected during the Delta variant surge. The study also found variations in the vaccine effectiveness against death among different age groups.

SCIENCE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Endpoints for Evaluating Efficacy in COVID-19 Vaccine Trials

Devan Mehrotra et al.

Summary: Several COVID-19 vaccine candidates are entering large-scale phase 3 clinical trials with proposed general clinical endpoint measures to facilitate evaluation and comparison. The potential shift towards more asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections alongside vaccine protection against symptomatic COVID-19 is highlighted, along with its implications.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

Rebecca P. Payne et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine can induce protection against the B.1.1.7 variant within weeks, and extending the interval between doses can result in higher levels of neutralizing antibody response. Prior infection with the virus can accelerate the immune response.
Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

The Ethics of Continuing Placebo in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Trials

Annette Rid et al.

Summary: This viewpoint argues that prioritizing all placebo-group participants in coronavirus vaccine trials as vaccine first receivers may perpetuate health inequities and hinder learning opportunities. Instead, it suggests limiting prioritization to placebo participants who would be prioritized for vaccination under NASEM or ACIP frameworks.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Merryn Voysey et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.

LANCET (2021)

Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

The place for remdesivir in COVID-19 treatment

Barnaby Young et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination

Alicia T. Widge et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunological characteristics govern the transition of COVID-19 to endemicity

Jennie S. Lavine et al.

Summary: The study suggests that infection-blocking immunity to SARS-CoV-2 wanes rapidly while disease-reducing immunity is long-lived. The model predicts that once reaching endemic phase, SARS-CoV-2 may become no more virulent than the common cold. However, a different outcome is predicted for an emergent coronavirus causing severe disease in children.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Engineering, Biomedical

Microneedle patch for the ultrasensitive quantification of protein biomarkers in interstitial fluid

Zheyu Wang et al.

Summary: Microneedle patches enable rapid sampling and on-needle quantification of target protein biomarkers in interstitial fluid, offering a new possibility for early disease diagnosis.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Immunology

How to Test Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccines Ethically Even After One Is Available

Nir Eyal et al.

Summary: Even though vaccines against COVID-19 have been proven safe and effective, there is a global urgency to test these vaccines and additional ones against the virus. Under various conditions, both standard and unusual designs can be used for testing due to familiar and often overlooked reasons.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: a retrospective cohort study

Sara Y. Tartof et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the overall and variant-specific effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related hospital admissions among members of a healthcare system in California. The effectiveness of the vaccine remained high against hospital admissions even up to 6 months after full vaccination, despite a decline in effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infections over time, which was likely due to waning immunity rather than the delta variant escaping vaccine protection.

LANCET (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Qatar

Patrick Tang et al.

Summary: mRNA COVID-19 vaccines demonstrate high effectiveness in preventing severe outcomes and death caused by the Delta variant in Qatar, despite lower effectiveness at blocking infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics and Outcomes of US Children and Adolescents With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Compared With Severe Acute COVID-19

Leora R. Feldstein et al.

Summary: Comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with MIS-C and COVID-19 can help distinguish between the two conditions and improve health outcomes. Patterns of clinical presentation and organ system involvement were identified in this case series, providing valuable information for differentiation of MIS-C and COVID-19.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Delta Variant in Adolescents

Ben Y. Reis et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Waning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar

Hiam Chemaitelly et al.

Summary: In a study conducted in Qatar involving over 900,000 participants, vaccine effectiveness peaked at 77.5% in the first month after the second dose. However, it declined afterwards to as low as 20% in months 5 through 7 after vaccination, while protection against severe Covid-19 remained above 90% for at least 6 months.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials

Merryn Voysey et al.

Summary: The AZD1222 vaccine has been approved for emergency use in the UK with an interval of 4-12 weeks between doses. Analysis shows that the vaccine is efficacious with two doses and provides immunoprotection after the first dose before the second dose is administered.

LANCET (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting

Noa Dagan et al.

Summary: A study conducted in Israel on nearly 600,000 individuals showed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective in reducing the risk of infection, hospitalization, and severe Covid-19. The effectiveness in preventing death was 72% during the period from day 14 through day 20 after the first dose, and hospitalization was reduced by 87% for the period 7 or more days after the second dose, similar to results from a randomized trial.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Serum Neutralizing Activity Elicited by mRNA-1273 Vaccine

Kai Wu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Microbiology

Infection- and vaccine-induced antibody binding and neutralization of the B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant

Venkata Viswanadh Edara et al.

Summary: Despite reduced antibody titers against the B.1.351 variant, sera from infected and vaccinated individuals containing polyclonal antibodies to the spike protein could still neutralize SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351, suggesting that protective humoral immunity may be retained against this variant.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data

Eric J. Haas et al.

Summary: This study assessed the real-world effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 in Israel, showing high efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, severe disease, and death. As vaccine coverage increased, there were marked declines in SARS-CoV-2 outcomes, indicating that COVID-19 vaccination can help control the pandemic.

LANCET (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 vaccine coverage in health-care workers in England and effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against infection (SIREN): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study

Victoria Jane Hall et al.

Summary: The study aimed to determine the factors associated with vaccine coverage for two COVID-19 vaccines in the UK and to document the vaccine effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine among healthcare workers. Results showed that the vaccine can prevent both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in working-age adults, with a vaccine effectiveness of 70% after the first dose and 85% after the second dose.

LANCET (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Sensitivity of infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants to neutralizing antibodies

Delphine Planas et al.

Summary: The ability of convalescent sera from individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 and those vaccinated with BNT162b2 to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants B1.1.7 and B.1.351 decreases, but increases after two vaccine doses. The study found that the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants may have acquired partial resistance to neutralizing antibodies generated by natural infection or vaccination, particularly in individuals with low antibody levels. This suggests that the B.1.351 variant may pose a greater risk of infection in immunized individuals.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

David S. Khoury et al.

Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants

Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants B.1.429 and B.1.351

Xiaoying Shen et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant

V. Shinde et al.

Summary: The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine showed efficacy in preventing Covid-19, with higher vaccine efficacy observed among HIV-negative participants. Most infections were caused by the B.1.351 variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil

Nuno R. Faria et al.

Summary: A new variant of concern, P.1, with 17 mutations including three spike protein mutations associated with increased binding to human ACE2 receptors, emerged in Manaus, Brazil between November 2020 and January 2021. Molecular analysis suggests P.1 may be 1.7- to 2.4-fold more transmissible and that previous infection may provide 54 to 79% protection against P.1 infection compared to other lineages. Enhanced global genomic surveillance of such variants is crucial for pandemic response.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Risk of clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study

Sarah E. Daugherty et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the excess risk and relative hazards for developing incident clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults aged 18-65. The results show that individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 may have a higher risk of developing new clinical sequelae after the acute phase compared to the control groups, with some sequelae more commonly seen in other viral illnesses.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Estimating Vaccine Efficacy Against Transmission via Effect on Viral Load

Lee Kennedy-Shaffer et al.

Summary: Understanding the efficacy of vaccines against virus transmission, including different variants, is crucial for determining policies to end the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Utilizing random virologic testing and viral load measures can help improve estimation of vaccine efficacy against infection and transmission, leading to better control measures and epidemic trajectory modeling.

EPIDEMIOLOGY (2021)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Considerations in boosting COVID-19 vaccine immune responses

Philip R. Krause et al.

LANCET (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans

Jackson S. Turner et al.

Summary: The study found that individuals who had recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infections showed rapid decline of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in the first 4 months after infection, followed by a more gradual decrease over the following 7 months but remaining detectable at least 11 months after infection. This suggests that mild infection with SARS-CoV-2 can induce robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune memory in humans.

NATURE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Community-level evidence for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection of unvaccinated individuals

Oren Milman et al.

Summary: The study suggests that mass vaccination strategies not only protect vaccinated individuals, but also provide cross-protection to unvaccinated individuals, leading to a decrease in infection rates among the unvaccinated population, particularly in individuals under 16 years old.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evidence for increased breakthrough rates of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in BNT162b2-mRNA-vaccinated individuals

Talia Kustin et al.

Summary: Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections post-vaccination may be caused by B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 variants, indicating the importance of robust vaccination. Reduced vaccine effectiveness against these variants was observed in the study, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and enhanced vaccination efforts.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy

Noa Dagan et al.

Summary: The BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine showed high effectiveness in pregnant women in an observational cohort study in Israel, similar to the effectiveness seen in the general population.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variant mRNA vaccine boosters in healthy adults: an interim analysis

Angela Choi et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that both the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine and its variant-modified booster doses are safe and effective in improving neutralizing antibody titers against various virus variants.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Subcutaneous REGEN-COV Antibody Combination to Prevent Covid-19

M. P. O'Brien et al.

Summary: The study indicates that subcutaneous REGEN-COV can effectively prevent severe Covid-19 and reduce the duration of symptoms in individuals at high risk for infection due to household exposure to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization with BNT162b2 Vaccine Dose 3

Ann R. Falsey et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel

Yinon M. Bar-On et al.

Summary: After receiving a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, Israeli residents aged 60 and above who had previously received two doses of the vaccine saw significantly lower rates of confirmed Covid-19 infection and severe illness compared to those who did not receive a booster shot, indicating the effectiveness of the booster dose in reducing infection and severe illness.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Setting

Noam Barda et al.

Summary: The study found that after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, most adverse events were not associated with an increased risk, although there was a slight increase in the risk of myocarditis. On the other hand, infection with the Covid-19 virus significantly increased the risk of many serious adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Health Care Workers

Moriah Bergwerk et al.

Summary: Among fully vaccinated health care workers, breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 were correlated with neutralizing antibody titers during the peri-infection period. Most breakthrough infections were mild or asymptomatic, although persistent symptoms did occur.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine at Completion of Blinded Phase

H. M. El Sahly et al.

Summary: The mRNA-1273 vaccine demonstrated high efficacy in preventing COVID-19 illness and severe disease, with more than 5 months of protection and a good safety profile, including protection against asymptomatic infection.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine through 6 Months

S. J. Thomas et al.

Summary: BNT162b2 vaccine remains highly effective and safe over the course of 6 months post-vaccination, with efficacy rates ranging from 86% to 100% across different demographics and risk factors for Covid-19. The vaccine also shows a high efficacy against severe disease, with particularly promising results observed in South Africa against the B.1.351 variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Immunology

Evaluation of post-introduction COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness: Summary of interim guidance of the World Health Organization

Minal K. Patel et al.

Summary: Phase 3 randomized-controlled trials have shown promising results for COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, but questions remain due to short follow-up during trials, strict eligibility criteria, emerging variants, and changing epidemiology. Post-introduction vaccine effectiveness evaluations are crucial for addressing unanswered questions and informing evolving vaccine policy, including assessing duration, effectiveness in key populations, and against emerging variants. WHO has developed interim best practice guidance for COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness evaluations, covering study designs, outcomes, biases, surveillance platforms, and reporting recommendations.

VACCINE (2021)

Article Immunology

Interpreting vaccine efficacy trial results for infection and transmission

Marc Lipsitch et al.

Summary: Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of various vaccines against COVID-19, with recent studies also showing effectiveness against infection and transmission. By estimating viral positivity, a measure of prevalence, vaccine effectiveness against transmission can be assessed, providing a lower bound. These methods can be translated into observational studies to further evaluate vaccine effectiveness.

VACCINE (2021)

Article Immunology

Evidence for antibody as a protective correlate for COVID-19 vaccines

Kristen A. Earle et al.

Summary: The study found a strong correlation between antibody titers and efficacy when assessing different COVID-19 vaccines, supporting the use of post-immunization antibody titers as the basis for establishing a correlate of protection for COVID-19 vaccines.

VACCINE (2021)

Article Critical Care Medicine

BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine and correlates of humoral immune responses and dynamics: a prospective, single-centre, longitudinal cohort study in health-care workers

Yaniv Lustig et al.

Summary: The study assessed early antibody responses after Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in Israeli healthcare workers. Results showed that 77% of participants had positive IgG response at week 3 after the first vaccine dose, with lower responses in older and immunosuppressed individuals. Timely second dose vaccinations are particularly important for these populations to enhance antibody responses and reduce breakthrough infections.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Among US Persons Infected With SARS-CoV-2

Amanda B. Payne et al.

Summary: In this study, it was found that Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a rare complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with higher incidence rates among Black, Hispanic or Latino, and Asian or Pacific Islander individuals. Further research is needed to explore the variations by race/ethnicity and age group.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccine after six months: a longitudinal prospective study

Paul Naaber et al.

Summary: The study found that antibody levels declined at 12 weeks and 6 months after receiving two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, with Spike antibody levels at 6 months being similar to those in individuals who received one dose or had recovered from COVID-19. Most individuals developed Spike-specific memory T cell responses, which were lower in those with higher T cell immunosenescence. Antibody response was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with the total score of vaccination side effects.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Transmission, viral kinetics and clinical characteristics of the emergent SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Guangzhou, China

Yaping Wang et al.

Summary: Infection with the Delta variant of concern (VOC) is characterized by a shorter incubation period, higher viral load, and longer duration of viral shedding, with an increased risk of critical illness for patients over the age of 60, calling for more intensive prevention and control measures.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Decreased infectivity following BNT162b2 vaccination: A prospective cohort study in Israel

Gili Regev-Yochay et al.

Summary: The study found that the BNT162b2 vaccine is moderately to highly effective in reducing infectivity by preventing infection and reducing viral shedding.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine - in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting

Stefan Roest et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Immunology

Concerns about SARS-CoV-2 evolution should not hold back efforts to expand vaccination

Sarah Cobey et al.

Summary: When vaccines are in limited supply, expanding the number of people who receive the vaccine by dose-sparing strategies may reduce disease and mortality, although it could potentially increase the risk of vaccine-escape variants. Preliminary evidence suggests that such strategies could slow the rate of viral escape, as long as vaccination provides some protection against escape variants.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The Use of Test-negative Controls to Monitor Vaccine Effectiveness A Systematic Review of Methodology

Huiying Chua et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY (2020)

Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antibody testing will enhance the power and accuracy of COVID-19-prevention trials

Marc Lipsitch et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

VIEWPOINT: COVID-19 Understanding COVID-19 vaccine efficacy

Marc Lipsitch et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Immunology

Intraseason Waning of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness

G. Thomas Ray et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

Article Cell Biology

Vaccine waning and mumps re-emergence in the United States

Joseph A. Lewnard et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2018)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Influenza

Florian Krammer et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2018)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Theoretical Basis of the Test-Negative Study Design for Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness

Sheena G. Sullivan et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2016)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Estimating the Per-Exposure Effect of Infectious Disease Interventions

Justin J. O'Hagan et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY (2014)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Review Article: Efficacy and Duration of Immunity after Yellow Fever Vaccination: Systematic Review on the Need for a Booster Every 10 Years

Eduardo Gotuzzo et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (2013)

Editorial Material Immunology

Nomenclature for Immune Correlates of Protection After Vaccination

Stanley A. Plotkin et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2012)

Review Immunology

Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination

Stanley A. Plotkin

CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rapid cloning of high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus

Jens Wrammert et al.

NATURE (2008)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Duration of humoral immunity to common viral and vaccine antigens

Ian J. Amanna et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2007)