Journal
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Volume 427, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.132006
Keywords
Sono-photocatalysis; Water decontamination; Photocatalysis; Tetracycline
Categories
Funding
- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO)
- [TEC2017-85059-C3-2-R]
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The study explores the efficient mineralization of tetracycline antibiotics using Ca-doped ZnO nanopowders under LED visible light and ultrasound irradiation. The catalyst exhibited high efficiency, reusability, and minimal sonophotocorrosion, especially in natural waters' pH range.
Highly efficient, long-term, eco-friendly catalysts for water decontamination technology are urgently needed to meet the prioritized objectives of green development and societies worldwide. Ca-doped ZnO was investigated as environmentally friendly sono-photocatalytic system under LED visible light irradiation to efficiently mineralize tetracycline-based antibiotics. The effects of pH, Ca doping, light, ultrasound, and pH on the mineralization of tetracycline by Ca-doped ZnO nanopowders and on the chemical, sono-, photo- and sono-photostability of Cadoped ZnO nanopowders were systematically investigated. The ZnO-based catalyst with 2 at. % of Ca dopant exhibited the best sono-photocatalytic performance in mineralizing tetracyclines under visible LED light and ultrasound irradiation (i.e., >= 99% mineralization in 90 min), with excellent reusability and minimal sonophotocorrosion (i.e., <= 1% of catalyst dissolution in 180 min), which were even greater in the absence of organic pollutants and in the pH range of most natural waters. For Ca-doped ZnO nanopowders, the role of the generated reactive oxygen species under light and ultrasound stimulation and the mechanism of the mineralization of tetracycline were analyzed. In conclusion, the sono-photocatalytic mineralization of antibiotics synergizing visible LED light and weak ultrasound irradiation in the presence of Ca-doped ZnO nanopowders presents an outstanding start to developing highly efficient, long-term, eco-friendly catalysts for efficiently treating emerging organic pollutants.
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