☆ 4.7 Review

Monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 therapy and SARS-CoV-2 detection

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Summary: Analyzing the evolution of memory B cells (MBCs) against SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for understanding antibody recall upon secondary exposure. Single-cell sequencing was used to profile SARS-CoV-2-reactive B cells in COVID-19 patients, revealing enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific cells in the memory compartment and highly mutated variable genes in endemic HCoV-reactive antibody-secreting cells. Additionally, MBCs exhibited pronounced maturation to NP and ORF8 over time.

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The neutralizing antibody, LY-CoV555, protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates

Bryan E. Jones et al.

Summary: LY-CoV555 is a novel neutralizing antibody derived from a convalescent patient with COVID-19, showing high affinity binding, potent inhibition of ACE2 binding, and strong neutralizing activity. This antibody has entered clinical trials and is being evaluated for various COVID-19 prevention and treatment indications.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Conformational flexibility and structural variability of SARS-CoV2 S protein

Ishika Pramanick et al.

Summary: This study visualized the open and closed conformations of the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV2 at different pH levels, showing differences in their propensities and residue exposures, which can potentially inform the development of novel therapeutic measures.

STRUCTURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A monoclonal antibody against staphylococcal enterotoxin B superantigen inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry in vitro

Mary Hongying Cheng et al.

Summary: A superantigen-like motif similar to SEB in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been discovered, and an anti-SEB monoclonal antibody has been shown to inhibit viral infection. The study suggests the potential utility of this antibody in treating COVID-19 and related diseases.

STRUCTURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cross-reactive serum and memory B-cell responses to spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronavirus infection

Ge Song et al.

Summary: This study examines the impact of pre-existing immunity to seasonal endemic coronaviruses on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, finding weak evidence of pre-existing cross-reactive serum antibodies in pre-pandemic donors, but evidence of pre-existing cross-reactive memory B cells activated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Monoclonal antibodies show varying degrees of cross-reactivity with betacoronaviruses, and one neutralizing antibody specific to the S2 subunit of the S protein is identified, suggesting that pre-existing immunity to endemic coronaviruses should be considered in evaluating antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A SARS-CoV-2 antibody curbs viral nucleocapsid protein-induced complement hyperactivation

Sisi Kang et al.

Summary: This study isolated and analyzed 32 N protein-specific monoclonal antibodies from a COVID-19 convalescent patient, shedding light on the response to the N protein. The complex structure of the mAb with the highest binding affinity revealed changes in epitopes and regulation of the antigen, affecting the N protein-induced complement hyperactivation.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody with extensive Spike binding coverage and modified for optimal therapeutic outcomes

Yu Guo et al.

Summary: This study identified potent antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients that can bind to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, with further engineered modifications to enhance their effectiveness and safety. The engineered antibody showed promising results in clearing the virus in a rhesus monkey model of COVID-19, suggesting its potential as a treatment option against SARS-CoV-2 related diseases.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Modular basis for potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralization by a prevalent VH1-2-derived antibody class

Micah Rapp et al.

Summary: Antibodies derived from the VH1-2 gene have been shown to be potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, with three VH1-2-derived antibodies (2-15, 2-43, and H4) using VH1-2-encoded motifs to recognize the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the virus spike protein. Despite genetic similarities, these antibodies are able to recognize both up and down conformations of the RBD, with some antibodies using elongated CDRH3s to interact with glycan N343 on a neighboring RBD. The VH1-2 antibody class utilizes modular genetic elements for modular recognition, with VH gene specifying RBD recognition and CDRH3 specifying quaternary interactions.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Diverse immunoglobulin gene usage and convergent epitope targeting in neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2

Xiaojuan Zhou et al.

Summary: The study found that neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 have diverse B cell receptor repertoires and convergent epitope targeting, providing important guidance for effective vaccine design.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural insights into the cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 by the human monoclonal antibody 47D11

Juliette Fedry et al.

Summary: The study identifies a human monoclonal antibody, 47D11, that can cross-neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, protecting against associated respiratory diseases in an animal model. 47D11 binds to the closed receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike, stabilizing a partially open conformation and suggesting potential combination with other antibodies targeting the receptor-binding motif.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 can recruit a heme metabolite to evade antibody immunity

Annachiara Rosa et al.

Summary: The study shows that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds biliverdin and bilirubin, products of heme metabolism, at a nanomolar affinity. Controlling access to a dominant epitope on the spike protein can be achieved through an allosteric mechanism involving recruitment of a metabolite and relocation of a gating loop on the N-terminal domain.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Biology

Structure and function analysis of a potent human neutralizing antibody CA521FALA against SARS-CoV-2

Deyong Song et al.

Summary: Song et al. describe and identify monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, including CA521(FALA), which demonstrated neutralizing potential both in vivo and in vitro. Structural analysis revealed that CA521(FALA) recognizes an epitope overlapping with the ACE2-binding sites in the Spike protein, making it a promising therapeutic antibody.

COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

In vitro and in vivo functions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-enhancing and neutralizing antibodies

Dapeng Li et al.

Summary: Research has shown that some SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies can enhance virus infection in vitro, but in monkeys and mice, these antibodies can still protect against SARS-CoV-2. However, out of 46 monkeys infused with enhancing antibodies, three showed higher lung inflammation scores compared to controls.

CELL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 by vaccine and convalescent serum

Chang Liu et al.

Summary: Recent study examined the neutralizing ability of monoclonal antibodies, convalescent and vaccine sera against the Indian variants B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2, showing that the neutralization of these variants is reduced compared to the ancestral strains, without widespread antibody escape as seen in other variants like B.1.351.

CELL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Memory B cell repertoire for recognition of evolving SARS-CoV-2 spike

Pei Tong et al.

Summary: Memory B cell reserves can produce protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, but the impact on variants is unclear. Studying antibodies from convalescent individuals revealed seven major antibody competition groups, important for neutralizing the virus.

CELL (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tackling COVID-19 with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies

Davide Corti et al.

Summary: Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of several human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic have paved the way for the development of more monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics.

CELL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

An infectivity-enhancing site on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein targeted by antibodies

Yafei Liu et al.

Summary: The research found that antibodies against different domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have different effects, with some antibodies inducing an open conformation of the RBD and enhancing the virus infectivity. Structural and mutational analysis revealed the mechanisms of these antibodies, and infectivity-enhancing antibodies were detected at higher levels in severe patients.

CELL (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Humoral immune response to circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants elicited by inactivated and RBD-subunit vaccines

Yunlong Cao et al.

Summary: The study found that the diversity of anti-RBD NAbs plays a major role in neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially 501Y.V2, with E484K being the dominant cause of neutralization reduction. Specific antibodies respond differently to mutations in RBD variants, with lower diversity observed in NTD antibodies. RBD-subunit vaccinees exhibit higher tolerance to neutralization against variants, while extending the interval between doses of ZF2001 enhances neutralizing activity and tolerance to variants.

CELL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

BNT162b2 vaccine breakthrough: clinical characteristics of 152 fully vaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Israel

Tal Brosh-Nissimov et al.

Summary: A study in Israel showed that a minority of fully vaccinated individuals with significant comorbidities may still develop severe COVID-19, with a high mortality rate. Further research on this vulnerable population may help improve their protection.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 lineage (VOC β) is outgrowing the B.1.1.7 lineage (VOC α) in some French regions in April 2021

Benedicte Roquebert et al.

Summary: During April to May 2021, variants of concern beta and gamma had a significant transmission advantage over variant alpha in Ile-de-France and Hauts-de-France regions in France, possibly due to their immune evasion abilities and high proportions of prior SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals in these areas.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2021)

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Article Immunology

A vaccine-induced public antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants

Aaron J. Schmitz et al.

Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 antigenic variants poses a public health threat, but analysis of monoclonal antibodies suggests that some antibodies can neutralize various variants. The study also found that an antibody called 2C08 has neutralizing effects against multiple variants and can reduce viral load and morbidity in animal models.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Affinity maturation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies confers potency, breadth, and resilience to viral escape mutations

Frauke Muecksch et al.

Summary: This study examined the development of antibodies following infection with the coronavirus, finding that evolved antibodies had increased affinity and neutralization potency, altered mutational pathways for viral resistance, and restricted neutralization escape options. These findings suggest that increasing antibody diversity through prolonged or repeated antigen exposure may improve protection against diversifying populations of the virus and other pandemic threat coronaviruses.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Immunology

A SARS-CoV-2 antibody broadly neutralizes SARS-related coronaviruses and variants by coordinated recognition of a virus-vulnerable site

Taishi Onodera et al.

Summary: A potent neutralizing antibody targeting the spike protein receptor-binding site was identified, which can effectively neutralize various SARS-related coronaviruses and their variants, through coordinated recognition of non-RBS conserved sites and RBS. The antibody's ability to reduce virus titers and morbidity through low-dose therapeutic treatment in hamsters suggests potential for therapeutic and vaccine design to combat broad spectrum of coronaviruses.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Immunology

A potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody inhibits variants of concern by utilizing unique binding residues in a highly conserved epitope

Laura A. VanBlargan et al.

Summary: The development of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, such as SARS2-38, that target conserved spike epitopes shows promise in protecting against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. These antibodies may help limit the loss of potency of therapies or vaccines against emerging strains.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between Administration of IL-6 Antagonists and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 AMeta-analysis

Manu Shankar-Hari et al.

Summary: This study identified 27 clinical trials and found that the use of IL-6 antagonists was associated with lower 28-day all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 compared to usual care or placebo. Different risk effects were observed between tocilizumab and sarilumab, increasing understanding of the treatment with these drugs.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Immunology

Virological Characterization of Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: Interactions of Viral Load, Antibody Status, and B.1.1.7 Infection

Jeremy Ratcliff et al.

Summary: The study reports diverse virological characteristics of UK intensive care patients with COVID-19, indicating higher viral loads in seronegative individuals and an increase in the frequency of the B.1.1.7 strain. These findings suggest different responses to treatment based on SARS-CoV-2 strain, viral loads, and antibody status.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Human Antibodies Protect Against Lower Respiratory Tract Disease in a Hamster Model

Bart L. Haagmans et al.

Summary: This study found that prophylactic treatment with high titers of convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibody protected hamsters against COVID-19, reducing weight loss, virus replication in the lungs, and pneumonia. Screening plasma donors for high levels of neutralizing antibodies is crucial for effective treatment.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Oncology

Siltuximab downregulates interleukin-8 and pentraxin 3 to improve ventilatory status and survival in severe COVID-19

Giuseppe Gritti et al.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization

Delphine Planas et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Delta variant, first identified in India in 2020, has become dominant in some regions and is spreading to many countries. This variant shows resistance to certain monoclonal antibodies and antibodies in convalescent sera, as well as reduced neutralization by some COVID-19 vaccines. Administration of two doses of the vaccine is needed for a neutralizing response against the Delta variant.

NATURE (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

DELTA CORONAVIRUS VARIANT: SCIENTISTS BRACE FOR IMPACT

Ewen Callaway

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

In vivo monoclonal antibody efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variant strains

Rita E. Chen et al.

Summary: Cell culture experiments showed reduced or abrogated neutralizing activity of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variant strains, but low prophylactic doses of antibody combinations protected against infection in vivo without resistance emergence. Higher doses of several monoclonal antibody cocktails also provided protection against viruses with a B.1.351 spike gene in vivo. Many antibody products with Emergency Use Authorization should therefore retain substantial efficacy against prevailing variant strains of SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020

Emma B. Hodcroft et al.

Summary: A variant of SARS-CoV-2, 20E (EU1), was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and later spread across Europe. Despite not showing increased transmissibility, the variant's success can be attributed to rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment measures. Travel played a significant role in introducing the variant multiple times to European countries during the summer, undermining local efforts to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Broad sarbecovirus neutralization by a human monoclonal antibody

M. Alejandra Tortorici et al.

Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and recurrent spillovers of coronaviruses into the human population emphasize the need for broadly neutralizing antibodies to prevent future zoonotic infections. The human monoclonal antibody S2X259 has shown promising results in neutralizing various forms of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially zoonotic sarbecoviruses by inhibiting the binding of ACE2 to the receptor-binding domain. This antibody targets a key antigenic site and may guide the design of vaccines effective against all sarbecoviruses.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection

Zijun Wang et al.

Summary: Despite challenges posed by COVID-19 variants, convalescent individuals receiving mRNA vaccines exhibit robust and long-lasting immune responses against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing hope for effective control of the pandemic.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies that maximize breadth and resistance to escape

Tyler N. Starr et al.

Summary: An ideal therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody should have resistance to viral escape, activity against diverse sarbecoviruses, and provide high protection through viral neutralization and effector functions. Studies have found a trade-off between in vitro neutralization potency and breadth of sarbecovirus binding in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the RBD, but identified some antibodies with exceptional sarbecovirus breadth and resistance to SARS-CoV-2 escape.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 mutations on spike protein structure and function

Tzu-Jing Yang et al.

Summary: The spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant exhibits mutations that affect virus binding to the host ACE2 receptor and immune evasion. The A570D and N501Y mutations have been shown to impact the stability of the spike protein structure, and an introduced neutralizing antibody can effectively neutralize different strains of the virus.

NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Subcutaneous REGEN-COV Antibody Combination to Prevent Covid-19

M. P. O'Brien et al.

Summary: The study indicates that subcutaneous REGEN-COV can effectively prevent severe Covid-19 and reduce the duration of symptoms in individuals at high risk for infection due to household exposure to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Breakthrough Infections in BNT162b2-Vaccinated Health Care Workers

Bettina Lange et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ultrapotent antibodies against diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants

Lingshu Wang et al.

Summary: The study identified four receptor binding domain-targeting antibodies with potent neutralizing activity against 23 variants, including two ultrapotent antibodies. Combinations of these antibodies reduced the in vitro generation of escape mutants, showing potential in mitigating resistance development.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural and functional ramifications of antigenic drift in recent SARS-CoV-2 variants

Meng Yuan et al.

Summary: Mutations in the RBS residues of new variant strains of the coronavirus can affect the binding and neutralizing effects of antibodies, but have little impact on antibodies targeting more conserved neutralizing sites.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 immune evasion by the B.1.427/B.1.429 variant of concern

Matthew McCallum et al.

Summary: The novel CAL.20C (B.1.427/B.1.429) variant carries spike protein mutations, resulting in reduced neutralizing titers in vaccinated individuals and convalescent individuals. The L452R mutation reduces neutralizing activity in RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies, while the S13I and W152C mutations lead to the total loss of neutralization in NTD-specific antibodies due to antigenic supersite remodeling.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Broad betacoronavirus neutralization by a stem helix-specific human antibody

Dora Pinto et al.

Summary: The study identified five monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent individuals that cross-react with multiple betacoronavirus spike glycoproteins, with one antibody (S2P6) showing broad neutralization of viruses from three different subgenera. This antibody reduced viral burden in hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting membrane fusion, providing a framework for the design of pan-betacoronavirus vaccines for broad protection.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Sequence signatures of two public antibody clonotypes that bind SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain

Timothy J. C. Tan et al.

Summary: This study identified two common IGHV3-53/3-66 RBD antibody clonotypes with distinct sequence motifs in CDR H3 that appear to be related to different light chain pairings. Additionally, the authors demonstrated that the Y58F somatic hypermutation increases the binding affinity of IGHV3-53/3-66 RBD antibodies with a short CDR H3.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Multivalency transforms SARS-CoV-2 antibodies into ultrapotent neutralizers

Edurne Rujas et al.

Summary: By using human apoferritin protomer as a modular subunit, researchers have developed exceptionally potent neutralizers targeting SARS-CoV-2. Combining three different antibody specificities and the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain on a single multivalent molecule enabled the platform to overcome viral sequence variability and deliver ultrapotent neutralizers against SARS-CoV-2. This MULTi-specific, multi-Affinity antiBODY (Multabody or MB) platform leverages binding avidity and multi-specificity to provide broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Potent and protective IGHV3-53/3-66 public antibodies and their shared escape mutant on the spike of SARS-CoV-2

Qi Zhang et al.

Summary: The study identifies potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with shared genetic features, termed as public antibodies. While one representative antibody demonstrates high protective efficacy in experiments, virus escape analysis reveals challenges faced by these public antibodies.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

A highly potent antibody effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Craig Fenwick et al.

Summary: The research has identified a monoclonal antibody called P5C3 with highly potent neutralizing activity against all SARS-CoV-2 variants identified to date, showing promising potential as a prophylactic agent or combination therapy for individuals with poor response to vaccination.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern by an antibody with an uncommon genetic signature and structural mode of spike recognition

Kevin J. Kramer et al.

Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lineages with increased transmissibility and resistance to antibody therapies poses a challenge to COVID-19 treatment. A panel of antibodies, with 54042-4 showing potent neutralization against SARS-CoV-2, including variants of concern, has been isolated using LIBRA-seq technology. The unique genetic and structural characteristics of 54042-4 make it a promising candidate for combating current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.617 is resistant to bamlanivimab and evades antibodies induced by infection and vaccination

Markus Hoffmann et al.

Summary: The emergence of the B.1.617 variant in India may be responsible for the sharp increase in COVID-19 cases and deaths. B.1.617 shows increased efficiency in entering cells and evades antibody responses, contributing to its rapid spread.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Current status of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Sanjeev Kumar et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Cross-Reactive SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies From Deep Mining of Early Patient Responses

Georgia Bullen et al.

Summary: Passive immunization using monoclonal antibodies is crucial in the fight against COVID-19, and deep-mining the antibody repertoires of hospitalized patients has led to the discovery of a panel of potent neutralizing antibodies that can bind distinct viral epitopes, including those conserved in SARS-CoV-1. Analysis also revealed a novel binding epitope that is unlikely to be affected by mutations in major viral variants such as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.1.28. Additionally, a highly convergent early antibody response was observed among patients, indicating potential for broader application in the fight against the virus.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Genetic and structural basis for SARS-CoV-2 variant neutralization by a two-antibody cocktail

Jinhui Dong et al.

Summary: Structural analysis of two human monoclonal antibodies forming the antibody cocktail AZD7442, when bound to the RBD of SARS-CoV-2, demonstrates strong neutralization of variants of concern. Genetic and structural basis of neutralization has been defined, revealing crucial binding residues and positions of concern for virus escape. These germ line-encoded antibody features enable recognition of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and showcase the utility of cocktail AZD7442 in neutralizing emerging variant viruses.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Screening of potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using convalescent patients-derived phage-display libraries

Yongbing Pan et al.

Summary: This study isolated ten neutralizing antibodies from the immune cells of COVID-19 convalescent patients, with 2B11 showing the highest affinity and neutralization potency against the original SARS-CoV-2 virus. Another antibody, 1E10, exhibited different neutralization efficiency against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, targeting a distinct epitope on the receptor-binding domain.

CELL DISCOVERY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Three epitope-distinct human antibodies from RenMab mice neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and cooperatively minimize the escape of mutants

Jianhui Nie et al.

Summary: The study utilized RenMab mouse to discover potent RBD-blocking antibodies, and determined the epitope residues of three representative antibodies using Cryo-EM studies. Neutralizing experiments with 50 variant strains showed that the mixing of three epitope-distinct antibodies almost eliminated mutant escape.

CELL DISCOVERY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Antibody cocktail effective against variants of SARS-CoV-2

Kang-Hao Liang et al.

Summary: The study showed that six antibodies had varying binding and neutralizing abilities against SARS-CoV-2 variants, with antibody cocktails demonstrating potent neutralizing activities and potential therapeutic and prophylactic effects against multiple variants.

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Potent neutralizing RBD-specific antibody cocktail against SARS-CoV-2 and its mutant

Lina Jia et al.

Summary: This study identified high-affinity RBD-specific antibodies from mice vaccinated with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD, which demonstrated high potency in neutralizing both live and pseudotype SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The identified mAbs targeting different epitopes on the RBD can be used to make mAb cocktails against SARS-CoV-2 and its mutants, providing potential therapeutic and prophylactic interventions.

MEDCOMM (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Identification of COVID-19 B-cell epitopes with phage-displayed peptide library

Jing-You Guo et al.

Summary: By using phage display technology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, 36 enriched peptides were identified in the sera of two COVID-19 patients, with 4 motifs having consensus residues corresponding to two potential B-cell epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. These findings may aid in investigating COVID-19 pathogenesis and advancing the development of epitope-based serological diagnostics and vaccines.

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Immunology

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19

Peter C. Taylor et al.

Summary: The study discusses the clinical utility of neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapies targeting SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the importance of patient stratification, biomarkers, risk factors, and other clinical considerations.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

Nucleocapsid Protein Recruitment to Replication-Transcription Complexes Plays a Crucial Role in Coronaviral Life Cycle

Yingying Cong et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2020)

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Letter Critical Care Medicine

Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China

Qiurong Ruan et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

Dawei Wang et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study

Nanshan Chen et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

Peng Zhou et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2

Renhong Yan et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

Daniel Wrapp et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Markus Hoffmann et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Microbiology

A Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis

Shi-Hui Sun et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine

Wanbo Tai et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Key residues of the receptor binding motif in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that interact with ACE2 and neutralizing antibodies

Chunyan Yi et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2

Mahmoud Gheblawi et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system

Francesca Coperchini et al.

CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Immunology

Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody

Xiaolong Tian et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Ka Shing Cheung et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19: interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality

Chi Zhang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Residents of a Large Homeless Shelter in Boston

Travis P. Baggett et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Allergy

Complement activation in patients with COVID-19: A novel therapeutic target

Massimo Cugno et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019

Guang Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Specific ACE2 expression in small intestinal enterocytes may cause gastrointestinal symptoms and injury after 2019-nCoV infection

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