Pitfalls and benefits of in situ and operando diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy (DRIFTS) applied to catalytic reactions

This paper discusses procedures and conditions that need to be fulfilled to be able to carry out appropriate in situ and operando diffuse reflectance FT-IR (DRIFTS) analyses. Spectrum handling and precise control of experimental parameters have a significant importance, even when only qualitative information is sought. In many cases, quantitative data can be obtained, such as surface species concentrations and heats of adsorption. Transient kinetics can help characterize spectator species and potential reaction intermediates. Direct information on the state of the catalyst surface can also be obtained, for instance regarding the alloying state of multimetallic catalysts.