Journal
EBIOMEDICINE
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages 121-134Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.033
Keywords
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging; Sphingomyelin; Chronic kidney disease; ATP; AMPK; Glycolysis
Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK081943, R24 DK082841, DP3 DK094292, P30 DK020572, DP3 DK094352] Funding Source: Medline
- BLRD VA [I01 BX000277, I01 BX003234] Funding Source: Medline
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AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is suppressed in diabetes and may be due to a high ATP/AMP ratio, however the quantitation of nucleotides in vivo has been extremely difficult. Via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to localize renal nucleotides we found that the diabetic kidney had a significant increase in glomerular ATP/AMP ratio. Untargeted MALDI-MSI analysis revealed that a specific sphingomyelin species (SM(d18:1/16:0)) accumulated in the glomeruli of diabetic and high-fat diet-fed mice compared with wild-type controls. In vitro studies in mesangial cells revealed that exogenous addition of SM(d18:1/16:0) significantly elevated ATP via increased glucose consumption and lactate production with a consequent reduction of AMPK and PGC1 alpha. Furthermore, inhibition of sphingomyelin synthases reversed these effects. Our findings suggest that AMPK is reduced in the diabetic kidney due to an increase in the ATP/AMP ratio and that SM(d18:1/16:0) could be responsible for the enhanced ATP production via activation of the glycolytic pathway. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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