Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW C
Volume 105, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.105.015201
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Funding
- Chilean Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarollo (ANID)
- ANID PIA [ACT1413]
- ANID PIA/APOYO [AFB180002]
- ANID FONDECYT [1161642, 1201964, 11181215]
- ANID Millennium Program [ICN2019_044]
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Italian Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- French Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique
- United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA)
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- HelmholtzForschungsakademie Hessen fur FAIR (HFHF)
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
- Office of Research and Economic Development at Mississippi State University
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [804480]
- United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177]
- European Research Council (ERC) [804480] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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The study compared the nuclear and kinematic dependence of pion production by conducting semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering experiments on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. The results showed different dependencies of pion multiplicity ratios on carbon, iron, and lead targets, which will strongly constrain the kinematic and flavor dependence of nuclear effects in hadron production.
Background: Energetic quarks in nuclear deep-inelastic scattering propagate through the nuclear medium. Processes that are believed to occur inside nuclei include quark energy loss through medium-stimulated gluon bremsstrahlung and intranuclear interactions of forming hadrons. More data are required to gain a more complete understanding of these effects. Purpose: To test the theoretical models of parton transport and hadron formation, we compared their predictions for the nuclear and kinematic dependence of pion production in nuclei. Methods: We have measured charged-pion production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off D, C, Fe, and Pb using the CLAS detector and the CEBAF 5.014-GeV electron beam. We report results on the nuclear-to-deuterium multiplicity ratio for pi(+) and pi(-) as a function of energy transfer, four-momentum transfer, and pion energy fraction or transverse momentum-the first three-dimensional study of its kind. Results: The pi(+) multiplicity ratio is found to depend strongly on the pion fractional energy z and reaches minimum values of 0.67 +/- 0.03, 0.43 +/- 0.02, and 0.27 +/- 0.01 for the C, Fe, and Pb targets, respectively. The z dependencies of the multiplicity ratios for pi(+) and pi(-) are equal within uncertainties for C and Fe targets but show differences at the level of 10% for the Pb-target data. The results are qualitatively described by the GIBUU transport model, as well as with a model based on hadron absorption, but are in tension with calculations based on nuclear fragmentation functions. Conclusions: These precise results will strongly constrain the kinematic and flavor dependence of nuclear effects in hadron production, probing an unexplored kinematic region. They will help to reveal how the nucleus reacts to a fast quark, thereby shedding light on its color structure and transport properties and on the mechanisms of the hadronization process.
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