Journal
SCIENCE ADVANCES
Volume 2, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600920
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Funding
- Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education
- European Research Council
- Foundation of Strategic Research, Sweden
- Academy of Finland
- Finnish Cultural Foundation
- Marie Curie grant [IEF-GA-2013-CHE-624864 ANISOPROTEINXRAY]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences [1R24GM111072]
- NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
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Phytochromes are light sensor proteins found in plants, bacteria, and fungi. They function by converting a photon absorption event into a conformational signal that propagates from the chromophore through the entire protein. However, the structure of the photoactivated state and the conformational changes that lead to it are not known. We report time-resolved x-ray scattering of the full-length phytochrome from Deinococcus radiodurans on micro-and millisecond time scales. We identify a twist of the histidine kinase output domains with respect to the chromophore-binding domains as the dominant change between the photoactivated and resting states. The time-resolved data further show that the structural changes up to the microsecond time scales are small and localized in the chromophore-binding domains. The global structural change occurs within a few milliseconds, coinciding with the formation of the spectroscopic meta-Rc state. Our findings establish key elements of the signaling mechanism of full-length bacterial phytochromes.
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