4.5 Article

Relationship between frailty, nutrition, body composition, quality of life, and gender in institutionalized older people

Journal

AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 34, Issue 6, Pages 1357-1363

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02077-0

Keywords

Frailty; Institutionalized older people; Nutrition; Gender; Muscle mass; Health-related quality of life

Funding

  1. University of Helsinki
  2. Paivikka and Sakari Sohlbrg foundation
  3. VTR funding of the Helsinki University Hospital (EVO)
  4. Helsinki University Central Hospital

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This study aimed to explore the relationship between frailty, nutrition, body composition, and how gender modifies this relationship among long-term care facility residents. The study found that frail residents had lower body mass index, muscle mass, poorer nutritional status, cognition, and lower health-related quality of life compared to prefrail residents. Women had higher fat mass, while men exhibited higher muscle mass. Moreover, muscle mass was positively correlated with health-related quality of life in both men and women.
Our aim was to explore the relationship between frailty, nutrition, body composition, and how gender modifies this relationship among long-term care facility residents. We further investigated how body composition correlates with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in both genders. In all, 549 residents (> 65 years of age) were recruited from 17 long-term care facilities for this cross-sectional study. Demographic information, diagnoses, use of medications, and nutritional supplements were retrieved from medical records. Participants' frailty status, cognition, nutritional status, HRQoL, and body composition were determined. Energy, protein, and fat intakes were retrieved from 1- to 2-day food diaries. The final sample consisted of 300 residents (77% women, mean age 83 years). The majority of participants, 62% of women and 63% of men, were identified as frail. Frail participants in both genders showed lower body mass index (p = 0.0013), muscle mass (MM) (p < 0.001), poorer nutritional status (p = 0.0012), cognition (p = 0.0021), and lower HRQoL (p < 0.001) than did prefrail participants. Women had higher fat mass, whereas men exhibited higher MM. The HRQoL correlated with the MM in both women, r = 0.48 [95% CI 0.38, 0.57] and men r = 0.49 [95% CI 0.38, 0.58]. Interventions aimed at strengthening and retaining MM of long-term residents may also support their HRQoL.

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