Journal
NATURE ENERGY
Volume 1, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/NENERGY.2016.93
Keywords
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Funding
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [NSF DGE 1106400]
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub
- Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]
- AvH foundation
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, SBIR/STTR Program Office [DE-SC0013212]
- DOE Early Career Grant
- US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0013212] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- Div Of Industrial Innovation & Partnersh
- Directorate For Engineering [1556128] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Photovoltaic devices based on hybrid perovskite materials have exceeded 22% efficiency due to high charge-carrier mobilities and lifetimes. Properties such as photocurrent generation and open-circuit voltage are influenced by the microscopic structure and orientation of the perovskite crystals, but are difficult to quantify on the intra-grain length scale and are often treated as homogeneous within the active layer. Here, we map the local short-circuit photocurrent, open-circuit photovoltage, and dark drift current in state-of-the-art methylammonium lead iodide solar cells using photoconductive atomic force microscopy. We find, within individual grains, spatially correlated heterogeneity in short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage up to 0.6V. These variations are related to different crystal facets and have a direct impact on the macroscopic power conversion efficiency. We attribute this heterogeneity to a facet-dependent density of trap states. These results imply that controlling crystal grain and facet orientation will enable a systematic optimization of polycrystalline and single-crystal devices for photovoltaic and lighting applications.
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