Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW E
Volume 105, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.105.024143
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Funding
- Israel Science Foundation
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The research extends the virial theorem to nonequilibrium conditions for Langevin dynamics and has important experimental applications.
The virial theorem, and the equipartition theorem in the case of quadratic degrees of freedom, are handy constraints on the statistics of equilibrium systems. Their violation is instrumental in determining how far from equilibrium a driven system might be. We extend the virial theorem to nonequilibrium conditions for Langevin dynamics with nonlinear friction and multiplicative noise. In particular, we generalize it for confined laser-cooled atoms in the semiclassical regime. The resulting relation between the lowest moments of the atom position and velocity allows to measure in experiments how dissipative the cooling mechanism is. Moreover, its violation can reveal the departure from a strictly harmonic confinement or from the semiclassical regime.
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