Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
Volume 105, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.105.054429
Keywords
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Funding
- US Department of Energy (DOE)
- DOE [DE-SC0002136]
- U.S. DOE-BES, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-SC0012704]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-09ER46554]
- McMinn Endowment at Vanderbilt University
- Office of Science of the U.S. Depart-ment of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Department of Defense's High-Performance Computing Modernization Pro-gram (HPCMP)
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This study combines experimental and theoretical investigations to explore the electromagnetic properties of ultrathin epitaxial ruthenate films. The results show that the n = 2 heterostructure is metallic and ferromagnetic, while the n = 1 heterostructure leads to a loss of metallicity and ferromagnetism.
The electromagnetic properties of ultrathin epitaxial ruthenate films have long been the subject of debate. Here we combine experimental with theoretical investigations of (SrTiO3)(5)-(SrRuO3)n-(SrTiO3)(5) (STO5-SROn-STO5) heterostructures with n = 1 and 2 unit cells, including extensive atomic-resolution scanning-transmission electron-microscopy imaging, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy chemical mapping, as well as transport and magnetotransport measurements. The experimental data demonstrate that the STO5-SRO2-STO5 heterostructure is nearly stoichiometric, metallic, and ferromagnetic with T-C similar to 128 K, even though it lacks the characteristic bulk-SRO octahedral tilts and matches the cubic STO structure. In contrast, the STO5-SRO1-STO5 heterostructure features Ru-Ti intermixing in the RuO2 layer, also without octahedral tilts, but is accompanied by a loss of metallicity and ferromagnetism. Density-functional theory calculations show that stoichiometric n = 1 and n = 2 heterostructures are metallic and ferromagnetic with no octahedral tilts, while nonstoichiometry in the Ru sublattice in the n = 1 case opens an energy gap and induces antiferromagnetic ordering. Thus, the results indicate that the observed nonstoichiometry is the cause of the observed loss of metallicity and ferromagnetism in the n = 1 case.
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