Radiomics-based prediction of two-year clinical outcome in locally advanced cervical cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine if radiomics features extracted from staging magnetic resonance (MR) images could predict 2-year long-term clinical outcome in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT). Materials and methods We retrospectively enrolled patients with LACC diagnosis who underwent NACRT followed by radical surgery in two different institutions. Radiomics features were extracted from pre-treatment 1.5 T T2w MR images. The predictive performance of each feature was quantified in terms of Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Among the significant features, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated to quantify the correlation among the different predictors. A logistic regression model was calculated considering the two most significant features at the univariate analysis showing the lowest PCC value. The predictive performance of the model created was quantified out using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results A total of 175 patients were retrospectively enrolled (142 for the training cohort and 33 for the validation one). 1896 radiomic feature were extracted, 91 of which showed significance (p < 0.05) at the univariate analysis. The radiomic model showing the highest predictive value combined the features calculated starting from the gray level co-occurrence-based features. This model achieved an AUC of 0.73 in the training set and 0.91 in the validation set. Conclusions The proposed radiomic model showed promising performances in predicting 2-year overall survival before NACRT. Nevertheless, the observed results should be tested in larger studies with consistent external validation cohorts, to confirm their potential clinical use.

Automated summary

This study aims to investigate whether radiomics features extracted from magnetic resonance images can predict long-term clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The results show that the proposed radiomics model has promising performance in predicting patient survival rates.