1-Adamantanamine-based triazole-appended organosilanes as chromogenic naked-eye and fluorogenic turn-on sensors for the highly selective detection of Sn2+ ions

The current investigation illustrates the design and facile synthesis of the 1-adamantanamine-based organosilanes 4a-dvia a click silylation approach, and they were characterized well via NMR (H-1 and C-13) and mass spectroscopic techniques. All the synthesized organosilanes possessed preferential selectivity towards Sn2+ ions in the presence of other relevant ions and served as colorimetric/fluorimetric dual-channel probes. The probes have been successfully employed as naked-eye sensors with a visible color change in daylight from transparent white to golden yellow upon binding with Sn2+ ions. The enhancement in fluorescence is attributed to the inhibition of the PET process upon interaction with Sn2+ ions. Furthermore, BH plots reveal the presence of strong binding with 1 : 1 stoichiometry in the physiological pH range. Moreover, the limits of detection when using 4a-d towards Sn2+ found in this study are far lower than the WHO guidelines for drinking water. Interestingly, the chemosensor 4a has been successfully employed for performing recovery testing of Sn2+ in real soil samples. Owing to these enticing features, this present protocol could enormously expedite the design and development of chemosensors for the detection of Sn2+ ions.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates the design and facile synthesis of 1-adamantanamine-based organosilanes using a click silylation approach. These synthesized organosilanes exhibit preferential selectivity towards Sn2+ ions and can serve as colorimetric/fluorimetric dual-channel probes. The chemosensor 4a shows promising results in the recovery testing of Sn2+ in real soil samples.