4.7 Article

Gate tunable light-matter interaction in natural biaxial hyperbolic van der Waals heterostructures

Journal

NANOPHOTONICS
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages 2329-2340

Publisher

WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0034

Keywords

biaxial hybrid plasmon phonon polariton; graphene; in-plane hyperbolic materials; quantum interference; valleytronics; van der Waals heterostructures

Funding

  1. Department of Science and Technology [SB/S2/RJN-110/2017, ECR/2018/001485, DST/NM/NS-2018/49]

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The recent discovery of natural biaxial hyperbolicity in van der Waals crystals has opened up new possibilities for mid-IR nanophotonics. This study investigates heterostructures of graphene and alpha-MoO3 for actively tunable phonon polariton modes. The hybridization of graphene plasmon polaritons with hyperbolic phonon polaritons is observed, and the system shows a broad operational bandwidth.
The recent discovery of natural biaxial hyperbolicity in van der Waals crystals, such as alpha-MoO3, has opened up new avenues for mid-IR nanophotonics due to their deep subwavelength phonon polaritons. However, a significant challenge is the lack of active tunability of these hyperbolic phonon polaritons. In this work, we investigate heterostructures of graphene and alpha-MoO3 for actively tunable hybrid plasmon phonon polariton modes via electrostatic gating in the mid-infrared spectral region. We observe a unique propagation direction dependent hybridization of graphene plasmon polaritons with hyperbolic phonon polaritons for experimentally feasible values of graphene chemical potential. We further report an application to tunable valley quantum interference in this system with a broad operational bandwidth due to the formation of these hybrid modes. This work presents a lithography-free alternative for actively tunable, anisotropic spontaneous emission enhancement using a sub-wavelength thick naturally biaxial hyperbolic material.

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