Association of healthy beverage index with circadian rhythm and quality of sleep among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study

Purpose Circadian rhythm is a behavioral, physiological, and molecular change with a cycle length of approximately 24 h. Changes to the circadian rhythm can result in sleep difficulty. The healthy beverage index (HBI) is a holistic concept for evaluating the quality of overall beverage intake and its association with health-related outcomes in nutritional epidemiological studies. This study aimed to assess the relationship of HBI with circadian rhythm and sleep quality among overweight/obese women. Methods The current study was conducted among 208 overweight and obese women between 18-48 years in Tehran, Iran. We evaluated potential HBI with a valid food frequency questionnaire. Following standard procedures, trained personnel assessed anthropometric measures, blood samples, and other baseline characteristics. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the morning-eveningness questionnaire were applied to evaluate sleep quality and circadian rhythm respectively. Results The mean (SD) BMI for this study was 30.8 (4.2) kg/m(2). We observed that subjects in the least tertile had significantly high levels of triglyceride (p = 0.04) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.009). High-density lipoprotein was significantly different across the tertiles (p = 0.003). After adjusting for potential covariates, subjects in the second tertile of HBI had 5.07 odds of having the worst quality of sleep as compared to those in the third tertile, p < 0.05. We also observed a significant inverse association between the HBI and the moderately evening type participants (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.68-0.99; p: 0.02) after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion Healthy beverage consumption may have the potential of improving sleep quality among overweight and obese subjects.

Automated summary

This study aimed to assess the relationship between healthy beverage intake and circadian rhythm and sleep quality among overweight/obese women. The results showed that healthy beverage consumption may have the potential of improving sleep quality among overweight and obese subjects.