New red-fleshed apple cultivars: a comprehensive review of processing effects, (poly)phenol bioavailability and biological effects

Red-fleshed apple cultivars with an enhanced content of anthocyanins have recently attracted the interest of apple producers and consumers due to their attractive color and promising added health benefits. In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive overview of new hybrid red-fleshed apples, mainly focusing on their (poly)phenolic composition, the effect of processing, the (poly)phenolic bioavailability and the biological effects. Evidence so far from in vitro and in vivo studies supports their added beneficial effects compared to common apples on health outcomes such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation and immune function, which are mainly related to their specific (poly)phenol composition.

Automated summary

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of new hybrid red-fleshed apples, highlighting their (poly)phenolic composition, processing effects, (poly)phenolic bioavailability, and biological effects. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies supports their added beneficial effects on health outcomes, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and immune function, which are mainly attributed to their specific (poly)phenol composition.