Journal
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR CHEMIE
Volume 76, Issue -, Pages 38-+Publisher
BUREAU SCIENTIFIC PUBL
DOI: 10.17159/0379-4350/2022/v76a07
Keywords
acetone; carbon nano-onions; chemi-resistive gas sensor; ex-situ nitrogen doping
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa [99196, 118656]
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI-NRF) Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials (CoESM)
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This study reports on the synthesis of carbon nano-onions and nitrogen-doped carbon nano-onions, and their application in gas sensing materials. The results showed that the composite based on pristine CNOs exhibited higher sensitivity to acetone, while the sensor based on N-CNOs had a lower limit of detection.
This study reports on the synthesis of carbon nano-onions (CNOs; ca. d <= 55 nm) and nitrogen-doped CNOs (N-CNOs) using a facile pyrolysis method and ex-situ doping of the CNOs. Elemental analysis of the N-CNOs revealed that their nitrogen content depended on the ammonia flow rate. Analysis of the N-CNOs revealed that they all exhibited structural defects. After the successful synthesis of CNOs and N-CNOs, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP):CNOs/N-CNOs:MnO2-nanorods (MONRs) composites were prepared and used as active sensing materials. In every case, the PVP polymer was used to stabilize the MONRs for acetone detection at 25 degrees C. The chemi-resistive gas sensors that showed the highest acetone sensitivity (pS = 2.0 x 10(-4) ppm(-1)) was fabricated using a pristine CNOs (pCNOs) based composite. However, the N-CNOs based sensor (a(1.5)S) presented the lowest acetone limit of detection (LoD) at 1.2 ppm. The study implicated the effect of the nitrogen and oxygen content of the CNOs surfaces on the acetone detection. Thus, a higher sensitivity with lower LoD was observed at room temperature using the pCNOs based sensor, when compared to earlier literature reports.
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