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Targeting non-coding RNAs to overcome cancer therapy resistance

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SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00975-3

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Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [81902462]
  2. Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin
  3. Berlin Institute of Health
  4. NCI [1R01 CA182905-01, 1R01CA222007-01A1]
  5. NIGMS [1R01GM122775-01]
  6. DoD Idea Award [W81XWH2110030]
  7. Team DOD grant in Gastric Cancer, a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Moonshot Flagship project
  8. CLL Global Research Foundation
  9. G. Harold & Leila Y. Mathers Foundation
  10. Torrey Coast Foundation
  11. Institutional Research Grant and Development Grant [2P50CA127001]

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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a crucial role in regulating resistance to different cancer therapies by rewiring essential signaling pathways. ncRNAs have the potential to serve as biomarkers for predicting and detecting resistance to treatment, and targeting ncRNAs may be a strategy to overcome cancer treatment resistance.
It is now well known that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), rather than protein-coding transcripts, are the preponderant RNA transcripts. NcRNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are widely appreciated as pervasive regulators of multiple cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and genomic instability. Despite recent discoveries in cancer therapy, resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy continue to be a major setback. Recent studies have shown that ncRNAs also play a major role in resistance to different cancer therapies by rewiring essential signaling pathways. In this review, we present the intricate mechanisms through which dysregulated ncRNAs control resistance to the four major types of cancer therapies. We will focus on the current clinical implications of ncRNAs as biomarkers to predict treatment response (intrinsic resistance) and to detect resistance to therapy after the start of treatment (acquired resistance). Furthermore, we will present the potential of targeting ncRNA to overcome cancer treatment resistance, and we will discuss the challenges of ncRNA-targeted therapy-especially the development of delivery systems.

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