Journal
BRAIN AND COGNITION
Volume 156, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bc.2021.105807
Keywords
tDCS; Retrieval practice; dlPFC; Memory organization; Long-term memory
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Funding
- Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) [001]
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Research shows that combining retrieval practice with transcranial direct current stimulation can enhance long-term memory retention, particularly by improving the organization of the to-be-remembered list items.
The ability to retain new information is important in daily life. In particular, two techniques have shown promise for improving long-term retention: retrieval practice (RP), which consists of actively retrieving information from long-term memory to make it more accessible in the future; and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which consists of non-invasive brain stimulation that modulates cognitive processes by increasing and decreasing neuronal excitability. Previous studies have implicated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-dlPFC) in memory encoding and memory organization. We examined whether RP associated with a single 20-min tDCS session over the l-dlPFC could improve long-term memory retention. Participants (N = 119) repeatedly studied a list of related words either via RP or via restudy, while undergoing either anodal or sham stimulation. Participants returned 2 days later for a free-recall test. Results showed that the RP group outperformed the restudy group in all measures, regardless of stimulation type. Also, recall organization was higher in the RP group than in the restudy group. The data support previous findings and indicate that RP may enhance performance by improving the organization of the to-be-remembered list items.
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