On the interface reactions and stability of nonfullerene organic solar cells

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Phenol-Functionalized Perylene Bisimides as Amine-Free Electron Transporting Interlayers for Stable Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells

Xinbo Wen et al.

Summary: A new electron transporting layer composed of PBI-2P is successfully applied to nonfullerene organic solar cells, resulting in improved device stability and efficiency.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Intrinsically inert hyperbranched interlayer for enhanced stability of organic solar cells

Yawen Li et al.

Summary: In this study, a novel reaction-inert material PDIEIE was designed and synthesized, which effectively improved the interface stability between the indium tin oxide electrode and photoactive materials, significantly enhancing the photo-stability performance of OSC devices.

SCIENCE BULLETIN (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Design of All-Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors with High Thermal, Chemical, and Photochemical Stability for Organic Photovoltaics

Xiaozhang Zhu et al.

Summary: A new type of all-fused-ring electron acceptor (ITYM) has been designed and synthesized, showing extraordinary stability and promising performance compared to classical carbon-bridged INCN-type acceptors, opening up a new avenue for high-efficiency and -stability organic photovoltaics.

CCS CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Development of interlayers based on polymethacrylate incorporating tertiary amine for organic solar cells with improved efficiency and stability

So Hyun Park et al.

Summary: The development of new interlayer polymers PDMA(N)EMA and PDMA(N-O)EMA effectively reduced the work function at the interface with the active layer, leading to enhanced electron collection and improved power conversion efficiency of nonfullerene acceptor-based OPV devices. Compared to PEIE, PDMA(N)EMA formed a stable interface with ITIC, resulting in increased VOC and improved device stability at elevated temperatures. This study emphasizes the importance of designing appropriate interlayer materials for achieving stable and high-efficiency nonfullerene-based OPVs.

DYES AND PIGMENTS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Recent Progress and Challenges toward Highly Stable Nonfullerene Acceptor-Based Organic Solar Cells

Yiwen Wang et al.

Summary: While organic solar cells based on nonfullerene acceptors have achieved significant breakthroughs in their device performance, achieving long-term stability remains a major challenge for commercialization due to the lack of understanding of their degradation mechanisms and design rules for enhancing stability.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

A History and Perspective of Non-Fullerene Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells

Ardalan Armin et al.

Summary: Organic solar cells have evolved from relying on fullerenes as acceptors to the emergence of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) which have significantly improved cell efficiencies. However, NFAs challenge the traditional understanding of organic solar cell operation, requiring rethinking of morphology, charge generation, and recombination.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Visible Light-Induced Degradation of Inverted Polymer:Nonfullerene Acceptor Solar Cells: Initiated by the Light Absorption of ZnO Layer

Bowen Liu et al.

Summary: The degradation behaviors of inverted PM6:IT-4F solar cells with different ZnO layers were systematically investigated, revealing that photochemical reactions at the IT-4F/ZnO interface play a key role in the decomposition of IT-4F. Hydroxyl radicals generated by the photo-oxidation of dangling hydroxide by ZnO are confirmed as the main reason causing the decomposition. Treatment of ZnO with hydroxide and/or hydroxyl radical scavenger is found to improve the stability of the PSCs, supporting the proposed degradation mechanism.

SOLAR RRL (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Layer-by-Layer Processed Ternary Organic Photovoltaics with Efficiency over 18%

Lingling Zhan et al.

Summary: This study proposes and demonstrates a method to optimize the morphology of the active layer in organic photovoltaic devices by combining the layer-by-layer (LbL) procedure and the ternary strategy. By adding an asymmetric electron acceptor to the binary donor:acceptor host, a vertical phase distribution is formed, leading to improved efficiency in OPV devices.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Significant Enhancement of Illumination Stability of Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells via an Aqueous Polyethylenimine Modification

Lu Hu et al.

Summary: The modification of ZnO surface with aqueous polyethylenimine (a-PEI) has been shown to significantly enhance the stability of nonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells, reducing surface defects and preventing decomposition of NF acceptors under illumination while improving device performance.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2021)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

An Efficiency of 16.46% and a T80 Lifetime of Over 4000 h for the PM6:Y6 Inverted Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Surface Acid Treatment of the Zinc Oxide Electron Transporting Layer

Yunfei Han et al.

Summary: The surface pH conditions of solution-processed ZnO films were found to be closely related to the performance and stability of NFA OSCs. Treating ZnO films with acid solutions improved device performance, while removal of surface -OH groups alleviated performance issues and improved stability. Acid solutions, particularly PET treatment, were effective in enhancing performance, leading to long-term stability of the heterojunction solar cell.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mitigating the Undesirable Chemical Reaction between Organic Molecules for Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Photovoltaics

Adi Prasetio et al.

Summary: This study introduced ethanedithiol (EDT) at the PEIE/active layer interface in organic photovoltaic devices to mitigate undesirable reactions and improve device performance and stability. The inclusion of EDT led to a significant increase in power conversion efficiency and device stability, making it a crucial strategy for highly efficient flexible OPVs.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Non-fullerene acceptors with branched side chains and improved molecular packing to exceed 18% efficiency in organic solar cells

Chao Li et al.

Summary: The molecular design of acceptor and donor molecules has significantly advanced organic photovoltaics. By introducing branched alkyl chains in non-fullerene acceptors, favorable morphology in the active layer can be achieved, leading to a certified device efficiency of 17.9%. This modification can completely alter the molecular packing behavior of non-fullerene acceptors, resulting in improved structural order and charge transport in thin films.

NATURE ENERGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Emerging Chemistry in Enhancing the Chemical and Photochemical Stabilities of Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells

Hongtao Liu et al.

Summary: In the past five years, the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells has significantly improved due to the emergence of fused-ring electron acceptors. In order to achieve commercialization, it is crucial to address the stability issues of OCSs from materials to devices. The state-of-the-art FREAs, synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation, exhibit poor chemical and photochemical stabilities due to their vulnerability to nucleophile attacking and/or photooxidation.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nanographene-Osmapentalyne Complexes as a Cathode Interlayer in Organic Solar Cells Enhance Efficiency over 18%

Longzhu Liu et al.

Summary: Interface engineering through conjugated extension of metal-nanographene molecules as cathode interlayer materials has successfully enhanced the photovoltaic performance of nonfullerene solar cells. Modified hexabenzocoronenes-styryl can effectively improve the performance of organic solar cells by facilitating carrier transport and impeding carrier recombination through better interfacial contacts and morphology regulation.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Organic Solar Cells with 18% Efficiency Enabled by an Alloy Acceptor: A Two-in-One Strategy

Feng Liu et al.

Summary: A high-performance ternary solar cell utilizing a large-bandgap polymer donor and two structurally similar small-bandgap alloy acceptors is reported, achieving a power conversion efficiency of over 18%. By delicately regulating the energy levels of the alloy acceptor through varying the ratio of the two acceptors, more efficient hole transfer and exciton separation are achieved, contributing to reduced energy loss and better overall performance compared to single acceptor systems. Such a two-in-one alloy strategy shows promise in boosting the photovoltaic performance of devices.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cell with 19.6% Efficiency Enabled by Light Distribution Control

Jianqiu Wang et al.

Summary: This study fabricated highly efficient double-junction tandem OPV cells by optimizing the photoactive layers and developing an effective method to tune optical field distribution. By fine-tuning the top photoactive layer, a PCE of 19.64% was achieved, the highest in the OPV field and certified as 19.50% by the National Institute of Metrology.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mechanism of the Photodegradation of A-D-A Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics**

Yuxuan Che et al.

Summary: The study elucidated the photodegradation pathway of A-D-A-type non-fullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics by isolating and analyzing the photoproducts formed. The addition of photoproducts to bulk heterojunction cells was found to decrease photocurrent and fill factor, indicating a negative impact on performance. This reaction is a general pathway for a series of A-D-A molecules and its rate depends on the structure of donor and acceptor moieties.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Molecular insights of exceptionally photostable electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics

Zhi-Xi Liu et al.

Summary: The research reveals that non-fused acceptors with excellent photochemical tolerance in aerobic condition show efficient performance in solar cells. Inhibiting photoisomerization from molecular level to macroscopic condensed solid can enhance the photochemical stabilities of molecules and organic semiconductor materials.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Non-fullerene acceptor organic photovoltaics with intrinsic operational lifetimes over 30 years

Yongxi Li et al.

Summary: Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) have the potential of being a productive renewable energy technology, but the main challenge lies in their inadequate operational lifetime. Research into the instability of NFA solar cells has led to proposals for strategies to mitigate this issue.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Efficient energy transport in an organic semiconductor mediated by transient exciton delocalization

Alexander J. Sneyd et al.

Summary: Efficient energy transport in organic semiconductor devices is desired, and a study on poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofiber films reveals a dynamic interplay between localized and delocalized exciton configurations under equilibrium conditions, suggesting design rules for efficient energy transport in OSC device architectures.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Current density in solar fuel technologies

Valentino Romano et al.

Summary: The review article focuses on the analysis of solar-to-fuel direct conversion devices using current density as a fundamental figure of merit. It compares different device configurations and types of solar fuels produced from small molecules, while discussing the relevance of physico-chemical mechanisms involved in device operation and the need to operate these cells in conjunction with sun concentration for large-scale applications.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent advances in stability of organic solar cells

Xiang Xu et al.

Summary: Organic solar cells have rapidly developed in recent years with the emergence of new non-fullerene acceptors, achieving power conversion efficiency over 18%. However, the issue of instability hinders commercialization, prompting scientists to explore solutions for improving stability.

ENERGYCHEM (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Minimizing the Thickness of Ethoxylated Polyethylenimine to Produce Stable Low-Work Function Interface for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells

Wenwu Zeng et al.

Summary: The selection and optimization of the interfacial layer are crucial for achieving high performance in nonfullerene solar cells with different electron acceptors. The proper choice of interfacial materials is essential for maximizing the power conversion efficiency in nonfullerene solar cells.

ADVANCED ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Organic cathode interfacial materials for non-fullerene organic solar cells

Minkyu Kyeong et al.

Summary: This study investigated the chemical reaction between PEI and INCN-based NFAs, revealing the mechanism of product generation and successfully developing a series of functionalized PEIs to fabricate highly efficient and stable NFA organic solar cells. The use of functionalized PEIs led to NFA organic solar cells with high power conversion efficiency values of over 15% and thermally stable device operation for more than 360 hours at 100 degrees C.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

A ring-locking strategy to enhance the chemical and photochemical stability of A-D-A-type non-fullerene acceptors

Hongtao Liu et al.

Summary: Recent progress has been made in improving the power conversion efficiencies of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors. A new molecular design strategy has been proposed to enhance the intrinsic stability of acceptor-donor-acceptor-type NFAs, leading to successful preparation of stable NFAs.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Interface-enhanced organic solar cells with extrapolated T80 lifetimes of over 20 years

Xiang Xu et al.

SCIENCE BULLETIN (2020)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Exploring the Chemical Interaction between Diiodooctane and PEDOT-PSS Electrode for Metal Electrode-Free Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells

Wen Wang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flexible All-Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells with High-Performance Nonfullerene Active Layers

Lulu Sun et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Influence of Substituent Groups on Chemical Reactivity Kinetics of Nonfullerene Acceptors

Lu Hu et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2020)

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Review Polymer Science

Challenges to the Stability of Active Layer Materials in Organic Solar Cells

Kun Wang et al.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Suppressing the Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Electron-Transport Layer in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Pyrene-Bodipy Interlayer

Anastasia Soultati et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Single-Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Approaching 18% Efficiency

Yong Cui et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

18% Efficiency organic solar cells

Qishi Liu et al.

SCIENCE BULLETIN (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cathode engineering with perylene-diimide interlayer enabling over 17% efficiency single-junction organic solar cells

Jia Yao et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Significant influence of doping effect on photovoltaic performance of efficient fullerene-free polymer solar cells

Qian Kang et al.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Progress in Stability of Organic Solar Cells

Duan Leiping et al.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Cost-Effective, Aqueous-Solution-Processed Cathode Interlayer Based on Organosilica Nanodots for Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells

Mengqi Cui et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Non -conjugated polymers as thickness -insensitive electron transport materials in high-performance inverted organic solar cells

Zhiqua Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Progress in Materials, Solution Processes, and Long-Term Stability for Large-Area Organic Photovoltaics

Sungmin Park et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Robust metal ion-chelated polymer interfacial layer for ultraflexible non-fullerene organic solar cells

Fei Qin et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Self-Assembled Monolayer Enables Hole Transport Layer-Free Organic Solar Cells with 18% Efficiency and Improved Operational Stability

Yuanbao Lin et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

The interfacial degradation mechanism of polymer:fullerene bis-adduct solar cells and their stability improvement

Lingpeng Yan et al.

MATERIALS ADVANCES (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

A Simple n-Dopant Derived from Diquat Boosts the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells to 18.3%

Yuanbao Lin et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2020)

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Article Energy & Fuels

It's time to focus on organic solar cell stability

Quinn Burlingame et al.

NATURE ENERGY (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Critical review of the molecular design progress in non-fullerene electron acceptors towards commercially viable organic solar cells

Andrew Wadsworth et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Stability of Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells: from Built-in Potential and Interfacial Passivation Perspectives

Yiwen Wang et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Boosting Organic-Metal Oxide Heterojunction via Conjugated Small Molecules for Efficient and Stable Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells

Hooray Liu et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

12.5% Flexible Nonfullerene Solar Cells by Passivating the Chemical Interaction Between the Active Layer and Polymer Interfacial Layer

Sixing Xiong et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Polymer Doping Enables a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas for High-Performance Homojunction Oxide Thin-Film Transistors

Yao Chen et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

From fullerene acceptors to non-fullerene acceptors: prospects and challenges in the stability of organic solar cells

Emily M. Speller et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

A Printable Organic Cathode Interlayer Enables over 13% Efficiency for 1-cm2 Organic Solar Cells

Qian Kang et al.

JOULE (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Reversible Chemical Reactivity of Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells under Acidic and Basic Environment

Xiaoyu Zhu et al.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Single-Junction Organic Solar Cell with over 15% Efficiency Using Fused-Ring Acceptor with Electron-Deficient Core

Jun Yuan et al.

JOULE (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Intrinsic photo-degradation and mechanism of polymer solar cells: the crucial role of non-fullerene acceptors

Sungmin Park et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photocatalytic effect of ZnO on the stability of nonfullerene acceptors and its mitigation by SnO2 for nonfullerene organic solar cells

Youyu Jiang et al.

MATERIALS HORIZONS (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent Advances in Morphology Optimization for Organic Photovoltaics

Hansol Lee et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nonfullerene Acceptor Molecules for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Guangye Zhang et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Analyzing the efficiency, stability and cost potential for fullerene-free organic photovoltaics in one figure of merit

Ning Li et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metal Composition and Polyethylenimine Doping Capacity Effects on Semiconducting Metal Oxide-Polymer Blend Charge Transport

Wei Huang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Design rules for minimizing voltage losses in high-efficiency organic solar cells

Deping Qian et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors

Jianhui Hou et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2018)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

A review of ZnO nanoparticles as solar photocatalysts: Synthesis, mechanisms and applications

Chin Boon Ong et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Chemical reaction between an ITIC electron acceptor and an amine-containing interfacial layer in non-fullerene solar cells

Lin Hu et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2018)

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Review Energy & Fuels

Material insights and challenges for non-fullerene organic solar cells based on small molecular acceptors

Jianquan Zhang et al.

NATURE ENERGY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Perovskite Solar Cells with ZnO Electron-Transporting Materials

Peng Zhang et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Nondestructive Method for the Determination of the Electric Polarization Orientation in Thin Films: Illustration on Gallium Ferrite Thin Films

Chistophe Lefevre et al.

SMALL METHODS (2017)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Toward Over 15% Power Conversion Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells: Current Status and Perspectives

Jianqi Zhang et al.

SMALL METHODS (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metal Oxide Transistors via Polyethylenimine Doping of the Channel Layer: Interplay of Doping, Microstructure, and Charge Transport

Wei Huang et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Energy-Level Modulation of Small-Molecule Electron Acceptors to Achieve over 12% Efficiency in Polymer Solar Cells

Sunsun Li et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-Performance Electron Acceptor with Thienyl Side Chains for Organic Photovoltaics

Yuze Lin et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2016)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Recent developments of zinc oxide based photocatalyst in water treatment technology: A review

Kian Mun Lee et al.

WATER RESEARCH (2016)

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A two-terminal perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cell

Fangyuan Jiang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2016)

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An Electron Acceptor Challenging Fullerenes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells

Yuze Lin et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2015)

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Chemically Controlled Reversible and Irreversible Extraction Barriers Via Stable Interface Modification of Zinc Oxide Electron Collection Layer in Polycarbazole-based Organic Solar Cells

Sarah R. Cowan et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2014)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Simple experimental test to distinguish extraction and injection barriers at the electrodes of (organic) solar cells with S-shaped current-voltage characteristics

Wolfgang Tress et al.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2013)

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Overcoming the Light-Soaking Issue in Inverted Organic Solar Cells by the Use of Al:ZnO Electron Extraction Layers

Sara Trost et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2013)

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Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors on the Move: Promises for Future Solar Energy Technology

Amaresh Mishra et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2012)

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Enhanced power-conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells using an inverted device structure

Zhicai He et al.

NATURE PHOTONICS (2012)

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A Universal Method to Produce Low-Work Function Electrodes for Organic Electronics

Yinhua Zhou et al.

SCIENCE (2012)

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Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Integrated with a Low-Temperature-Annealed Sol-Gel-Derived ZnO Film as an Electron Transport Layer

Yanming Sun et al.

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First-principles study of native point defects in crystalline indium gallium zinc oxide

Hideyuki Omura et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (2009)

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Recent developments in II-VI and III-VI semiconductors and their applications in solar cells

M Afzaal et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY (2006)

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Electrical and optical properties of defects and impurities in ZnO

DC Look et al.

PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER (2003)

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Energetics of native defects in ZnO

F Oba et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (2001)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Photocatalytic degradation pathway of methylene blue in water

A Houas et al.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2001)

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On the interface reactions and stability of nonfullerene organic solar cells

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