4.5 Article

Effect of Dietary Plant Feedstuffs and Protein/Carbohydrate Ratio on Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Gut Health and Functionality

Journal

FISHES
Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/fishes7020059

Keywords

alternative ingredients; digestive enzymes; gut digesta; gut histomorphology; gut mucosa

Funding

  1. Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [UID/Multi/04423/2019 (POCI-480 01-0145-FEDER-007621)]
  2. European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [UID/Multi/04423/2019 (POCI-480 01-0145-FEDER-007621)]
  3. structured program of R&D&I ATLANTIDAPlatform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources - North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020), through the ERDF [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040]
  4. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICIUN) [AGL2017-89436-R]
  5. European Social Fund (ESF)
  6. FCT [SFRH/BD/130171/2017, SFRH/BPD/114959/2016]
  7. MICIUN (Programa Jose Castillejo) [CAS18/00436]
  8. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/114959/2016, SFRH/BD/130171/2017] Funding Source: FCT

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This study investigated the effects of dietary protein source and protein/carbohydrate ratio on gilthead seabream gut. It was found that plant feedstuff led to more histomorphological alterations, while the P/CH ratio had little effect on gut parameters.
This study investigated, for the first time, the integrated effects of dietary protein source and protein/carbohydrate (P/CH) ratio on gilthead seabream gut histomorphology, microbiota composition, digestive enzymes activity, and immunological and oxidative stress-related gene expressions. Four isolipidic diets: two fishmeal-based (FM) and two plant feedstuff (PF)-based diets, with P/CH ratios of 50/10 or 40/20 each (FM-P50/CH10; FM-P40/CH20; PF-P50/CH10; PF-P40/CH20), were tested. PF-based diets lead to more histomorphological alterations than FM-based diets. P/CH ratio had no relevant effect on gut histomorphology. Gut mucosa of fish fed PF-based diets presented a higher number of operational taxonomic units, and richness and diversity indices, while the P/CH ratio did not affect those parameters. The alpha-amylase activity was lower in fish fed with PF-based diets and in fish fed the P40/CH20 diets. Regarding the immune-related genes, only cyclooxygenase-2 was affected, being higher in fish fed the P50/CH10 diets than the P40/CH20 diets. Fish fed the FM-based diets presented higher expression of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase, while fish fed the P50/CH10 diet had higher expression of superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, PF-based diets can compromise gut absorptive and digestive metabolism, but decreasing the dietary P/CH ratio had little effect on the parameters measured.

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