Journal
NEW CARBON MATERIALS
Volume 37, Issue 1, Pages 43-58Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60584-5
Keywords
Lithium iron phosphate; Lithium ion batteries; Low-temperature performance; High rates; Nano carbon materials
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [52072378, 52102054, 52020105010]
- Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program [XLYC1908015]
- Shenyang Science and Technology Program [20-2-1-1-04]
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LiFePO4 is a commonly used cathode material in Li-ion batteries, but its performance is poor at low temperatures. Incorporating carbon materials into LiFePO4 has been found to improve its performance in low temperature environments. Carbon coatings, carbon conductive fillers, and nano-carbon modification are important methods for fabricating materials for low temperature use.
LiFePO4, one of the most widely used cathode materials in Li-ion batteries, has many excellent properties, such as low-cost, long life and excellent safety. Unfortunately, its poor performance at low temperature hinders its use in cold regions of the world. The incorporation of carbon materials, which also have excellent electronic and ionic conductivity, in LiFePO4 offers a promising way to solve this problem. We first briefly introduce the fade mechanism of LiFePO4 cells at low temperature, and the preparation methods, structure, and electrochemical performance of carbon-modified LiFePO4 materials are then summarized with a focus on carbon coatings, various carbon conductive fillers and nano-carbon modification. A combination of compositing the LiFePO4 with carbon, followed by carbon coating is a promising way of fabricating a material for use at low-temperatures. Besides conventional carbon black, other conductive additives such as graphene and carbon nanotubes also have great potential for use in LiFePO4 batteries at low temperatures. The problems encountered and the future development of these composites are also discussed.
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