Proton decay matrix elements on the lattice at physical pion mass

Proton decay is a major prediction of grand-unified theories (GUT) and its observation would indicate baryon number violation that is required for baryogenesis. Many decades of searching for proton decay have constrained its rate and ruled out some of the simplest GUT models. Apart from the baryon numberviolating interactions, this rate also depends on transition amplitudes between the protons and mesons or leptons produced in the decay, which are matrix elements of three-quark operators. We report the nonperturbative calculation of these matrix elements for the most studied two-body decay channels into a meson and antilepton done on a lattice with physical light and strange quark masses and lattice spacings a approximate to 0.14 fm and 0.20 fm. We perform nonperturbative renormalization and excited state analysis to control associated systematic effects. Our results largely agree with previous lattice calculations done with heavier quark masses and thus remove ambiguity in ruling out some simple GUT theories due to quark mass dependence of hadron structure.

Automated summary

Proton decay is a key prediction of grand-unified theories (GUT) and its observation is important for understanding baryon number violation. By performing nonperturbative calculations on a lattice, we have determined the matrix elements for proton decay, which help resolve the ambiguity in ruling out certain simple GUT theories due to quark mass dependence of hadron structure.