Journal
JOURNAL OF MIGRATION AND HEALTH
Volume 5, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100088
Keywords
HIV/AIDS; Stigma; Immigrants; Sub-Saharan Africa; Caribbean; Canada; HIV care cascade
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This study used a mixed methods approach to investigate the experiences of HIV stigma among immigration applicants living with HIV in Canada. The qualitative findings align with characteristics of internalized HIV stigma and expand the understanding of HIV stigma. The experiences of internalized and enacted HIV stigma during the Canadian Immigration Medical Examination could impact individuals' engagement in HIV care.
We report on qualitative findings from a mixed methods study, examining enacted and internalized stigma during mandatory HIV screening among immigration applicants living with HIV in Canada. Qualitative findings show alignment with characteristics of internalized HIV stigma. We conducted 34 semi-structured interviews, and analyzed the data through thematic analysis, using Intersectionality and the Internalized HIV Stigma Scale as our theoretical and analytical frameworks. Participants described experiences of enacted and internalized HIV stigma in ways that were consistent with the four main domains of stereotypes, disclosure concerns, social relationships, and self-acceptance, but also extended the description of HIV stigma beyond these domains. Experiences of internalized HIV stigma and enacted stigma during the Canadian Immigration Medical Examination could potentially influence individuals' long-term engagement in the HIV care cascade during the process of migration to, and settlement in, Canada. We present recommendations for the broader migrant health research agenda, health and social care providers, and public health policies.
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