Journal
IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
Volume 3, Issue -, Pages 82-96Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/OJCAS.2022.3169437
Keywords
Rectifiers; Radio frequency; Energy harvesting; Transistors; Semiconductor device modeling; Topology; Internet of Things; Internet-of-Things (IoT); implantable device; matching network; ultra-low-power
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Funding
- National Institute of Health (NIH) [HHS/1UF1NS107694-01]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS 2125222]
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This paper reviews the design of popular radio frequency energy harvesting systems and proposes a new method to analyze their circuit architectures. It provides guidance for the design of RF energy harvesting rectifier circuits and discusses different application scenarios and design considerations.
This paper reviews and analyses the design of popular radio frequency energy harvesting systems and proposes a method to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze their circuit architectures using new square-wave approximation method. This approach helps in simplifying design analysis. Using this analysis, we can establish no load output voltage characteristics, upper limit on rectifier efficiency, and maximum power characteristics of a rectifier. This paper will help guide the design of RF energy harvesting rectifier circuits for radio frequency identification (RFIDs), the Internet of Things (IoTs), wearable, and implantable medical device applications. Different application scenarios are explained in the context of design challenges, and corresponding design considerations are discussed in order to evaluate their performance. The pros and cons of different rectifier topologies are also investigated. In addition to presenting the popular rectifier topologies, new measurement results of these energy harvester topologies, fabricated in 65nm, 130nm and 180nm CMOS technologies are also presented.
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