A review of metal resistance mechanisms by mangrove bacteria

Unchecked disposal of wastes into the environment has led to metal contamination in many ecosystems. The mangroves which are one of the most important habitats across the globe are no exception to this contamination. The mangrove sediments are harbouring unique microbial communities which have developed novel metal resistance mechanisms. In order to tackle the problem of metal pollution, bioremediation is one of the most sought processes. In this review, we discuss the biochemical mechanisms developed by microbes that help them to gain resistance to the toxic effect exerted by high concentrations of metals. The molecular mechanisms and the genes involved in the metal bioremediation process are also discussed. The review aims at summarizing the biological aspects related to metal bioremediation by mangrove bacteria which could be a good source to design microbes for targeted decontamination of the mangroves for a cleaner and greener environment.

Automated summary

Unchecked disposal of wastes has resulted in metal contamination in various ecosystems, including the important habitat of mangroves. The unique microbial communities in mangrove sediments have developed novel metal resistance mechanisms. Bioremediation, involving biochemical and molecular mechanisms, can be used to tackle metal pollution and promote a cleaner environment. This review focuses on summarizing the biological aspects related to metal bioremediation by mangrove bacteria, with the aim of designing targeted decontamination strategies.