Journal
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
Volume 121, Issue 1, Pages 457-477Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2015JD023711
Keywords
bromine explosion; blowing snow; boundary layer
Categories
Funding
- CANDAC funding agency ARIF
- CANDAC funding agency AIF/NSRIT
- CANDAC funding agency CFCAS
- CANDAC funding agency CFI
- CANDAC funding agency CSA
- CANDAC funding agency EC
- CANDAC funding agency GOC-IPY
- CANDAC funding agency INAC
- CANDAC funding agency NSERC
- CANDAC funding agency NSTP
- CANDAC funding agency OIT
- CANDAC funding agency ORF
- CANDAC funding agency PCSP
- CANDAC funding agency SEARCH
- Canadian Arctic ACE Validation Campaigns (Co-PI Kaley Walker) - Canadian Space Agency
- NSERC CREATE Training Program in Arctic Atmospheric Science
- Australian Research Councils Centre of Excellence scheme [CE110001028]
- NERC [bas0100032] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [bas0100032] Funding Source: researchfish
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Ozone depletion events in the polar troposphere have been linked to extremely high concentrations of bromine, known as bromine explosion events (BEE). However, the optimum meteorological conditions for the occurrence of these events remain uncertain. On 4-5 April 2011, a combination of both blowing snow and a stable shallow boundary layer was observed during a BEE at Eureka, Canada (86.4 degrees W, 80.1 degrees N). Measurements made by a Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy spectrometer were used to retrieve BrO profiles and partial columns. During this event, the near-surface BrO volume mixing ratio increased to similar to 20parts per trillion by volume, while ozone was depleted to similar to 1ppbv from the surface to 700m. Back trajectories and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 satellite tropospheric BrO columns confirmed that this event originated from a bromine explosion over the Beaufort Sea. From 30 to 31 March, meteorological data showed high wind speeds (24m/s) and elevated boundary layer heights (similar to 800m) over the Beaufort Sea. Long-distance transportation (similar to 1800km over 5days) to Eureka indicated strong recycling of BrO within the bromine plume. This event was generally captured by a global chemistry-climate model when a sea-salt bromine source from blowing snow was included. A model sensitivity study indicated that the surface BrO at Eureka was controlled by both local photochemistry and boundary layer dynamics. Comparison of the model results with both ground-based and satellite measurements confirmed that the BEE observed at Eureka was triggered by transport of enhanced BrO from the Beaufort Sea followed by local production/recycling under stable atmospheric shallow boundary layer conditions.
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