Diet-gut microbiota interactions on cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past decades, accumulating studies indicated that the gut microbiota, an indispensable invisible organ, plays a vital role in human metabolism and disease states including CVD. Among many endogenous and exogenous factors that can impact gut microbial communities, the dietary nutrients emerge as an essential component of host-microbiota relationships that can be involved in CVD susceptibility. In this review, we summarize the major concepts of dietary modulation of the gut microbiota and the chief principles of the involvement of this microbiota in CVD development. We also discuss the mechanisms of diet-microbiota crosstalk that regulate CVD progression, including endotoxemia, inflammation, gut barrier dysfunction and lipid metabolism dysfunction. In addition, we describe how metabolites produced by the microbiota, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), secondary bile acids (BAs), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as aromatic amino acids (AAAs) derived metabolites play a role in CVD pathogenesis. Finally, we present the potential dietary interventions which interacted with gut micro biota as novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for CVD management. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology.

Automated summary

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in CVD development and can be influenced by dietary nutrients. The crosstalk between diet and microbiota regulates CVD progression through various mechanisms, including endotoxemia, inflammation, gut barrier dysfunction, and lipid metabolism dysfunction. Microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), secondary bile acids (BAs), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) contribute to CVD pathogenesis. Dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota may serve as novel strategies for CVD management.