4.3 Article

Phonon-mediated many-body quantum entanglement andlogic gates in ion traps

Journal

ACTA PHYSICA SINICA
Volume 71, Issue 8, Pages -

Publisher

CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.7498/aps.71.20220360

Keywords

trapped-ion quantum computing; quantum gate; quantum entanglement; spin-dependent interaction

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [11774436, 11974434, 12074439]
  2. Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China [2020A1515011159]
  3. Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, China [2019B030330001]
  4. Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China [202102080380]
  5. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China, Sun Yat-sen University [2021qntd28]
  6. China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2021M703768]
  7. Guangdong Province Pearl River Youth Talents Program, China [2017GC010656]
  8. Central-Leading-Local Scientific and Technological Development Foundation, China [2021Szvup172]

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This article discusses the implementation of high-fidelity multi-ion entangled states and quantum gates. It introduces the Molmer-Sorensen gate and the design of ultrafast laser pulse sequences. The spin states between ions are coupled by driving either the phonon energy level or the motional state of the ion chain. Modulated laser pulses or appropriately designed pulse sequences are applied to improve the fidelity of quantum gates.
The high-fidelity multi-ion entangled states and quantum gates are the basis for trapped-ion quantumcomputing. Among the developed quantum gate schemes, Molmer-Sorensen gate is a relatively matureexperimental technique to realize multi-ion entanglement and quantum logic gates. In recent years, there havealso been schemes to realize ultrafast quantum entanglement and quantum logic gates that operate outside theLamb-Dicke regime by designing ultrafast laser pulse sequences. In such a many-body quantum system, theseentanglement gates couple the spin states between ions by driving either the phonon energy level or themotional state of the ion chain. To improve the fidelity of quantum gates, the modulated laser pulses or theappropriately designed pulse sequences are applied to decouple the multi-mode motional states. In this review,we summarize and analyze the essential aspects of realizing these entanglement gates from both theoretical andexperimental points of view. We also reveal that the basic physical process of realizing quantum gates is toutilize nonlinear interactions in non-equilibrium processes through driving the motional states of an ion chainwith laser fields.

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