Journal
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS
Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 155-164Publisher
PLEIADES PUBLISHING INC
DOI: 10.1134/S2635167622020021
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Funding
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Moscow city Government [21-315-70016]
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Silver is widely known for its pronounced antiseptic properties and is highly desired in various industries including food, cosmetics, medicine, and pharmacology. The introduction of nanosilver has led to the emergence of a new research area, nanosafety, which calls for understanding the interaction of silver in its different forms with living cells and multicellular organisms. This review analyzes the history of using different forms of silver, the toxic properties, biokinetic parameters, accumulation in organs, effects on cognitive functions, and the clinically known argyrosis condition.
Silver has been known since ancient times on account of its pronounced antiseptic properties. Currently, its antibacterial, antiviral, and fungicidal properties are highly desired in the food and cosmetic industries, in medicine, and pharmacology. Silver exhibits toxic effects not only on pathogenic organisms but also on healthy cells. Over the past 20 years, nanosilver, a new form of silver, has been introduced in various areas of industry. The transition to the nanoscale form results in the revision of standard approaches to items, including those based on this element, and the emergence of such a novel research area as nanosafety. In this review, we address the history of using different forms of silver, the mechanisms of its interaction with living cells, toxic properties, biokinetic parameters, capability for accumulation in different organs, effects on cognitive functions, and the clinically known argyrosis condition. Relevant publications are critically analyzed and conclusions are drawn. The broader incorporation of such a weakly biophilic element as silver in the biosphere and ecosphere calls for our understanding of biochemical processes underlying the interaction of this element, in its different forms, with living cells and multicellular organisms.
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