Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891024
Keywords
sepsis; immunosuppression; biomarker; immune monitoring; innate immunity; adaptive immunity
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81730057, 81801935, 82130062]
- Key Project of Military Medical Innovation Program of Chinese PLA [18CXZ026, BLJ18J006]
- CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences [2019-I2M-5-076]
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Sepsis-induced immune depression is a significant factor leading to severe infection and death. However, detecting the immune dysfunction caused by sepsis is challenging, highlighting the importance of specific biomarkers in clinical practice. Stratifying septic patients with an immunosuppressive state can contribute to personalized treatment.
Sepsis represents a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to an aberrant host response. Of note is that majority of patients have experienced a severe immune depression during and after sepsis, which is significantly correlated with the occurrence of nosocomial infection and higher risk of in-hospital death. Nevertheless, the clinical sign of sepsis-induced immune paralysis remains highly indetectable and ambiguous. Given that, specific yet robust biomarkers for monitoring the immune functional status of septic patients are of prominent significance in clinical practice. In turn, the stratification of a subgroup of septic patients with an immunosuppressive state will greatly contribute to the implementation of personalized adjuvant immunotherapy. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the mechanism of sepsis-associated immunosuppression at the cellular level and highlight the recent advances in immune monitoring approaches targeting the functional status of both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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