SARS-CoV-2: Reinfection after 18 Months of a Previous Case with Multiple Negative Nasopharyngeal Swab Tests and Positive Fecal Molecular Test

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Reinfection rates among patients previously infected by SARS-CoV-2: systematic review and meta-analysis

Yinjun Mao et al.

Summary: The rate of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is relatively low and the protection provided by prior infection is comparable to vaccine efficacy.

CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Rectally shed SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 inpatients is consistently lower than respiratory shedding and lacks infectivity

Rune Micha Pedersen et al.

Summary: This study raises doubts about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through feces. The results indicate that the concentration of viral RNA in fecal samples is significantly lower than that in pharyngeal swabs, and no replicative virus could be cultured from rectal swabs.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection after previous infection and vaccine breakthrough infection through the second wave of pandemic in India: An observational study

Sachin Dhumal et al.

Summary: This study found a low probability of reinfection after previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and higher vaccine breakthrough infections among females and those without previous infection.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics of 40 Patients Infected With the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Korea

Min-Kyung Kim et al.

Summary: This study investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 40 patients with the omicron variant in South Korea. The findings showed that most patients were middle-aged women, many were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms, and a few had lung infiltrations without requiring supplemental oxygen. These results are consistent with recent case reports on the omicron variant from other countries.

JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Environmental Sciences

A State-of-the-Art Scoping Review on SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage Focusing on the Potential of Wastewater Surveillance for the Monitoring of the COVID-19 Pandemic

G. Bonanno Ferraro et al.

Summary: Research on SARS-CoV-2 in sewage can provide early warning for COVID-19 outbreaks, establish outbreak trends, estimate infection rates, and study genetic diversity of the virus. Wastewater surveillance proves to be a cost-effective, rapid, and reliable tool to inform public health decision-making during the ongoing pandemic.

FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

COVID-19 reinfections among naturally infected and vaccinated individuals

Sezanur Rahman et al.

Summary: This study investigated the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its clinical features among infection-naive, infected, vaccinated, and post-infection-vaccinated individuals. The findings showed that naturally infected populations were less likely to be reinfected by SARS-CoV-2 than individuals who were infection-naive or vaccinated. However, a significant proportion of naturally infected or vaccinated individuals were (re)-infected by the emerging variants.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed

Aqu Alu et al.

Summary: Currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines are administered intramuscularly and fail to activate mucosal immunity, which contributes to the inability to prevent upper respiratory tract infection. The demand for the next generation of COVID-19 vaccines that can induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses has led to the investigation of intranasal vaccination. Several intranasal vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are currently under intensive investigation, with 12 candidates in clinical trials at different phases.

EBIOMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Natural products as a source of novel drugs for treating SARS-CoV2 infection

Ciro Isidoro et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has resulted in over five million deaths globally in the past two years. Despite progress in understanding the virus's pathology and clinical management, the emergence of vaccine-resistant mutant variants has led to ongoing outbreaks. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find therapeutics that can block viral transmission and prevent severe symptomatic illness. Natural products have the potential to act on multiple targets and mechanisms, making them valuable in managing COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Feces

Wenrui Wu et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients who shed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces showed similar clinical characteristics and outcomes as those who did not shed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces. The prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in feces was highly correlated with the prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the respiratory tract and with lower plasma B-cell counts.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Virology

SARS-CoV-2 was found in the bile juice from a patient with severe COVID-19

Deheng Han et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal Inflammation Modulates the Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Potentially Overlaps With the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-related Disease

Mayte Suarez-Farinas et al.

Summary: The study shows that the COVID-19 virus has the ability to invade the intestines, and medications used by IBD patients do not significantly affect receptor expression in uninflamed intestines. There are shared molecular networks between COVID-19 infection and IBD.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A case of COVID-19 reinfection in the UK

Jack West et al.

Summary: This report describes the first published case in the UK of a person experiencing two distinct episodes of COVID-19 infection, with the second infection being milder and showing faster recovery. The individual was exposed to a high viral load prior to reinfection, posing challenges for public health and vaccination efforts.

CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Comparison of Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Swab Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Guillaume Butler-Laporte et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of saliva NAAT for COVID-19 and found that its accuracy is similar to that of nasopharyngeal swab NAAT, especially in ambulatory settings. This suggests the potential for saliva NAAT as an alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs and supports further research in this area.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 Detection With Nasopharyngeal Swabs

Bianca Clerici et al.

Summary: The study aimed to assess the sensitivity of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) in COVID-19 patients, with a sensitivity rate of 77% for all NPS evaluated and 79% for the first follow-up swabs. Results showed no significant variations in sensitivity over time, and factors such as time since symptom onset, age, sex, number of comorbidities, and onset symptoms did not significantly impact the sensitivity of the first follow-up NPS. The utility of NPS in the diagnostic algorithm of COVID-19 should be reconsidered based on these findings.

FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Alexandra E. Livanos et al.

Summary: This study found that although SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the gastrointestinal tract, there was no inflammatory response in the intestine. Additionally, COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had reduced disease severity and mortality.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Potential intestinal infection and faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Meng Guo et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2, in addition to respiratory transmission, can also cause gastrointestinal symptoms, with detectable RNA in fecal samples of some patients. Infection alters intestinal microbiota, correlated with inflammatory factors. Multiple studies provide evidence of intestinal infection and potential for fecal-oral transmission.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic prime-mucosal boost immunization

Dennis Lapuente et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that priming with systemic mRNA and boosting with intranasal adenoviral vector vaccine in mice induces comprehensive T cell and mucosal immunity. The strategy provides complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice after boosting.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 reinfection: a rapid systematic review of case reports and case series

Jingzhou Wang et al.

Summary: The study suggests that reinfection with different strains of the COVID-19 virus is possible, and some cases may experience more severe symptoms during the second infection, highlighting the need for continued efforts in transmission mitigation.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Diagnostic performance of different sampling approaches for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nicole Ngai Yung Tsang et al.

Summary: This study systematically compared the diagnostic performance of different clinical specimen collection methods for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pooled nasal and throat swabs showed the highest sensitivity and positive predictive value, while saliva and nasal swabs also demonstrated good diagnostic performance. Throat swabs had a significantly lower sensitivity and positive predictive value and were not recommended for diagnosis. Self-collection for pooled nasal and throat swabs and nasal swabs did not affect diagnostic accuracy.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Paediatric gastrointestinal disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Epidemiological and clinical implications

Mohammed Al-Beltagi et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic poses a threat to individuals of all ages worldwide, including children. Gastrointestinal manifestations are common in patients, particularly those with severe disease, with symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain frequently observed in children. Atypical manifestations can also occur, such as appendicitis or liver injury, especially in the presence of multisystem inflammatory disease.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Mucosal immunity to SARS-CoV-2: a clinically relevant key to deciphering natural and vaccine-induced defences

Claude Matuchansky

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

First case of postmortem study in a patient vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2

Torsten Hansen et al.

Summary: An 86-year-old man who was previously asymptomatic received the COVID-19 vaccine and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 postmortem, showing immunogenicity without sterile immunity. Despite the cause of death being acute bronchopneumonia and tubular failure, characteristic morphological features of COVID-19 were not observed.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection 1 Year After Primary Infection in a Population in Lombardy, Italy

Jose Vitale et al.

Summary: This cohort study investigates the rate of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among individuals in Lombardy, Italy, who had previously recovered from COVID-19.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ACE2 in the Gut: The Center of the 2019-nCoV Infected Pathology

Yuexin Guo et al.

Summary: The 2019-nCoV is a rapidly contagious pneumonia mainly affecting the lungs, but disorders in the gastrointestinal tract are also crucial for diagnosis. The ACE2 is identified as a vital entry for 2019-nCoV to enter host cells, playing conflicting roles in physiological and pathological functions. This review provides insights for pharmacological investigations and clinical uses based on contemporary research.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The value of anal swab RT-PCR for COVID-19 diagnosis in adult Indonesian patients

Murdani Abdullah et al.

Summary: This study compared the performance of anal swab PCR test with nasopharyngeal swab PCR test for diagnosing COVID-19. The anal swab showed low sensitivity (36.7%) but high specificity (93.8%) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigen. It may not be necessary as an additional test in the initial diagnostic investigation.

BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 Pneumonia in Vaccinated Population: A Six Clinical and Radiological Case Series

Barbara Brogna et al.

Summary: COVID-19 vaccination does not provide complete protection against virus infection, and even fully vaccinated individuals may still be at risk. Caution should be maintained after vaccination, and the use of masks and social distancing in all closed environments should continue. Further clinical trials are needed to understand how factors like virus mutations, age, and immunocompromised states can impact vaccine effectiveness.

MEDICINA-LITHUANIA (2021)

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Review Pediatrics

Implications of SARS-COV-2 infection in the diagnosis and management of the pediatric gastrointestinal disease

Valeria Dipasquale et al.

Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal diseases in pediatric population may need adjustments, including the recommendation of telemedicine services and postponement of non-urgent endoscopic procedures.

ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Fecal Sample from a Patient with Typical Findings of COVID-19 Pneumonia on CT but Negative to Multiple SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Tests on Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples

Barbara Brogna et al.

Summary: Despite negative results in upper respiratory tract RT-PCR tests, detection of SARS-CoV-2 in stool samples can be a rapid and useful approach to confirm COVID-19 diagnosis in cases with discrepancies between clinical symptoms, chest CT findings, and upper respiratory tract RT-PCR test results.

MEDICINA-LITHUANIA (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 Reinfection

Mohammed Habadi et al.

Summary: Early stages of COVID-19 with mild symptoms may lead to prolonged illness and the virus can remain dormant in the body for potential relapse.

CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology